Recently added articles from The Journal of Nutrition:
Minimizing Amino Acid Catabolism Decreases Amino Acid Requirements1
Jan 01, 2009; ... The processes of natural selection shape the efficiency of nutrient use by animals, with some being especially thrifty while others are wasteful. An examination of the widely divergent amino acid economies of diffèrent species vividly illustrates this basic nutritional principle. The domestic ...
Serum Lipid and Antioxidant Responses in Hypercholesterolemia Men and Women Receiving Plant Sterol Esters Vary by Apolipoprotein E Genotype1,2
Jan 01, 2009; ... Abstract Plant sterol esters reduce serum total cholesterol (TC) and LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), but with striking interindividual variability. In this randomized, double-blind, controlled study, serum lipid, plant sterol, fat-soluble vitamin, and carotenoid responses to plant sterols were ...
Saturated Fatty Acid-Mediated Inflammation and Insulin Resistance in Adipose Tissue: Mechanisms of Action and Implications1
Jan 01, 2009; ... Abstract This review highlights the inflammatory and insulin-antagonizing effects of saturated fatty acids (SFA), which contribute to the development of metabolic syndrome. Mechanisms responsible for these unhealthy effects of SFA include: 7) accumulation of diacylglycerol and ceramide; ...
Dietary Stearidonic Acid Is a Long Chain (n-3) Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid with Potential Health Benefits1,2
Jan 01, 2009; ... Abstract The therapeutic and health-promoting effects of (n-3) long-chain PUFA (LCPUFA) from fish are well known, although these same benefits may not be shared by their precursor, α-linolenic acid (ALA). World-wide agencies and scientific organizations (i.e. FDA, AHA, International ...
Clinical Utility of Genotyping the 677C>T Variant of Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase in Humans Is Decreased in the Post-Folic Acid Fortification Era1,2
Jan 01, 2009; ... Abstract Moderate hyperhomocysteinemia is associated with many diseases. Major factors affecting plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) concentrations include folate concentrations and polymorphisms in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene. Because U.S.-mandated fortification of ...
Short-Chain Fatty Acids Induce Intestinal Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Type 6 Expression in Rats and Caco-2 Cells1-3
Jan 01, 2009; ... Abstract Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) are indigestible oligosaccharides that increase calcium absorption by the colorectum in rats, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We therefore investigated the effects of FOS on expressions of genes involved with calcium absorption in rat ...
Targeting of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor-Mediated Activation of Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression by the Indole-3-Carbinol Metabolite 3,3'-Diindolylmethane in Breast Cancer Cells1,2
Jan 01, 2009; ... Abstract Ligands of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) include the environmental xenobiotic 2,3,7,8 tetrachlorodibenzo(p)dioxin (TCDD), polycyclic aryl hydrocarbons, and the dietary compounds 3, 3'-diindolylmethane (DIM), a condensation product of indol-3-carbinol found in Brassica ...
Daily Variations in Dietary Lysine Content Alter the Expression of Genes Related to Proteolysis in Chicken Pectoralis major Muscle1-3
Jan 01, 2009; ... Abstract Amino acids are known to be anabolic factors that affect protein metabolism, but the response of animals to daily amino acid changes is little understood. We aimed to test the effects of feeding birds with alternations of diets varying in lysine content on the expression of ...
Tocotrienol Suppresses Adipocyte Differentiation and Akt Phosphorylation in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes1-3
Jan 01, 2009; ... Abstract In vivo studies show that α-tocotrienol and γ-tocotrienol accumulate in adipose tissue. Furthermore, a recent study reports that the oral administration of γ-tocotrienol from a tocotrienol-rich fraction from palm oil (TRF) decreases body fat levels in rats. The ...
Daily Consumption of an Aqueous Green Tea Extract Supplement Does Not Impair Liver Function or Alter Cardiovascular Disease Risk Biomarkers in Healthy Men1,2
Jan 01, 2009; ... Abstract Regular consumption of green tea polyphenols (GTP) is thought to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) but has also been associated with liver toxicity. The present trial aimed to assess the safety and potential CVD health beneficial effects of daily GTP consumption ....
Impaired Sulfur-Amino Acid Metabolism and Oxidative Stress in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Are Alleviated by Betaine Supplementation in Rats1,2
Jan 01, 2009; ... Abstract Nonalcoholic fatty liver is involved in the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and chronic liver injury. Impairment of hepatic transsulfuration reactions is suggested to be critically linked with alcoholic liver injury, but its role in nonalcoholic fatty liver remains ...
Long-Term Feeding of the cis-9,trans-11 Isomer of Conjugated Linoleic Acid Reinforces the Specific Immune Response in Rats1,2
Jan 01, 2009; ... Abstract Several effects on the immune system have been ascribed to the cis9,trans11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomer. We studied whether feeding a diet enriched with an 80:20 CLA isomer mix of cis9,trans11 and trans10,cis12 CLA from gestation to adulthood affects the capacity of ...
Dietary (n-3) Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Affect the Kinetics of Pro- and Antiinflammatory Responses in Mice with Pseudomonas aeruginosa Lung Infection1-3
Jan 01, 2009; ... Abstract The underlying mechanisms by which eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) affect host resistance to Pseudomonas aeruginosa are unclear. The aim of this study was to determine their role on the kinetic of pro- and antiinflammatory response in lung infection ....
Body Iron Stores and Oxidative Damage in Humans Increased during and after a 10- to 12-Day Undersea Dive1-3
Jan 01, 2009; ... Abstract The National Aeronautics and Space Administration Extreme Environment Mission Operations (NEEMO) underwater habitat is a useful analogue for spaceflight. However, the increased air pressure in the habitat exposes crewmembers to higher oxygen pressures, which increases their risk ...
Green tea Camellia sinensis) Attenuates Nephropathy by Downregulating Nox4 NADPH Oxidase in Diabetic Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats1-3
Jan 01, 2009; ... Abstract Green tea (GT), through its antioxidant properties, may be useful to treat or prevent human diseases. Because several lines of evidence suggest that oxidative stress contributes to the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy, we tested the hypothesis that GT prevents diabetes and ...
Quercetin May Suppress Rat Aberrant Crypt Foci Formation by Suppressing Inflammatory Mediators That Influence Proliferation and Apoptosis1-3
Jan 01, 2009; ... Abstract The flavonoid quercetin suppresses cell proliferation and enhances apoptosis in vitro. In this study, we determined whether quercetin protects against colon cancer by regulating the protein level of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (Pl 3-kinase) and Akt or by suppressing the ...
Long-Term Garlic or Micronutrient Supplementation, but Not Anti-Helicobacter pylori Therapy, Increases Serum Folate or Glutathione Without Affecting Serum Vitamin B-12 or Homocysteine in a Rural Chinese Population1-4
Jan 01, 2009; ... Abstract The effects of a 7.3-y supplementation with garlic and micronutrients and of anti- Helicobacter pylori treatment with amoxicillin (1 g twice daily) and omeprazole (20 mg twice daily) on serum folate, vitamin B-12, homocysteine, and glutathione concentrations were assessed in a ...
Micronutrient Deficiencies Are Associated with Impaired Immune Response and Higher Burden of Respiratory Infections in Elderly Ecuadorians1,2
Jan 01, 2009; ... Abstract The proportion of the Latin American population above age 65 y is expected to rise substantially. To better define the prevalence of infectious diseases and micronutrient deficiencies, assess immunological status, and evaluate associations between nutritional status and ...
Polymorphisms Cyclooxygenase-2 -765G>C and lnterleukin-6 -174G>C Are Associated with Serum Inflammation Markers in a High Cardiovascular Risk Population and Do Not Modify the Response to a Mediterranean Diet Supplemented with Virgin Olive Oil or Nuts1-3
Jan 01, 2009; ... Abstract Inflammation is involved in cardiovascular diseases. Some studies have found that the Mediterranean diet (MD) can reduce serum concentrations of inflammation markers. However, none of these studies have analyzed the influence of genetic variability in such a response. Our ...
Development of Food-Based Complementary Feeding Recommendations for 9- to 11-Month-Old Peri-Urban Indonesian Infants Using Linear Programming1,2
Jan 01, 2009; ... Abstract Effective population-specific, food-based complementary feeding recommendations (CFR) are required to combat micronutrient deficiencies. To facilitate their formulation, a modeling approach was recently developed. However, it has not yet been used in practice. This study ...