The Journal of Nutrition back issues from July 2002:
Genomic sequences necessary for transcriptional activation by amino acid deprivation of mammalian cells
Jul 01, 2002; ... Genomic Sequences Necessary for Transcriptional Activation by Amino Acid Deprivation of Mammalian Cells,1,2 ABSTRACT The human genes for C/EBP homology protein (chop) and asparagine synthetase (AS) are model systems to investigate transcription induced by nutrient limitation and ...
The experimental induction of vitamin A deficiency in humans
Jul 01, 2002; ... ABSTRACT This is an historical account of experiments that were undertaken to determine the daily amount of vitamin A or carotene (or both) required for health of humans, by deliberately (and in one case accidentally) causing them to become vitamin A deficient. The recommended daily allowance ...
Different molecular events account for butyrate-induced apoptosis in two human colon cancer cell lines
Jul 01, 2002; ... Different Molecular Events Account for Butyrate-Induced Apoptosis in Two Human Colon Cancer Cell Lines1 ABSTRACT We studied the molecular events underlying butyrate-induced apoptosis in two different colon cancer cell lines: Caco-2, a well defined cancer cell and RSB, a cell ...
Salacia reticulata and its polyphenolic constituents with lipase inhibitory and lipolytic activities have mild antiobesity effects in rats
Jul 01, 2002; ... ABSTRACT Salacia (S.) reticulata, a Hippocrateaceae plant distributed in Sri Lankan and Indian forests, has been used as a supplementary food in Japan to prevent obesity and diabetes. We examined the antiobesity effects of the hot water-soluble extract (SRHW) from the roots of S. reticulata ...
Flavonoids of cocoa inhibit recombinant human 5-lipoxygenase
Jul 01, 2002; ... Flavonoids of Cocoa Inhibit Recombinant Human 5-Lipoxygenasel ABSTRACT (-)-Epicatechin and its related oligomers, the procyanidins, are present in sizable amounts in some cocoas and chocolates. Intake of flavonoid-rich chocolate in humans has been reported to increase the plasma level ...
Selenium influences the turnover of selenocysteine tRNA([Ser]Sec) in Chinese hamster ovary cells
Jul 01, 2002; ... Selenium Influences the Turnover of Selenocysteine tRNA[r]sec in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells1 ABSTRACT Selenocysteine transfer (tRNA^sup [Ser]Sec^) is a central molecule in the production of seleniumcontaining proteins, and may play a role in the regulation of their biosynthesis ....
Physiological concentrations of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCg) prevent chromosomal damage induced by reactive oxygen species in WIL2-NS cells
Jul 01, 2002; ... ABSTRACT We investigated the effects of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCg) on chromosomal damage, which was evaluated by a cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay using WIL2-NS cells. EGCg itself induced chromosomal damage at 100 tmol/L. This damage was due to the production of H^sub ...
Deficiency in methionine, tryptophan, isoleucine, or choline induces apoptosis in cultured cells
Jul 01, 2002; ... Deficiency in Methionine, Tryptophan, Isoleucine, or Choline Induces Apoptosis in Cultured Cells1 ABSTRACT Cells in culture die by apoptosis when deprived of the essential nutrient choline. We now report that cells (both proliferating PC 2 cells and postmitotic neurons isolated from ...
Flavonoid phytochemicals regulate activator protein-1 signal transduction pathways in endometrial and kidney stable cell lines
Jul 01, 2002; ... Nutrient-Gene Expression Flavonoid Phytochemicals Regulate Activator Protein-1 Signal Transduction Pathways in Endometrial and Kidney Stable Cell Lines1 ABSTRACT Phytochemicals bind to and regulate the human estrogen receptors (ER(alpha) and ER(alpha)), mimicking actions of the ...
Biotin uptake into human peripheral blood mononuclear cells increases early in the cell cycle, increasing carboxylase activities
Jul 01, 2002; ... Nutrient-Gene Expression Biotin Uptake into Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Increases Early in the Cell Cycle, Increasing Carboxylase Activities1,2 ABSTRACT Cells respond to proliferation with increased accumulation of biotin, suggesting that proliferation enhances ...
Supplemental zinc lowers measures of iron status in young women with low iron reserves
Jul 01, 2002; ... Supplemental Zinc Lowers Measures of Iron Status in Young Women with Low Iron Reserves1,2 ABSTRACT Zinc and iron compete during intestinal absorption, but postabsorptive interactions between these nutrients are less clear. Understanding these interactions is important to determine when ...
Absorption and metabolism of anthocyanins in elderly women after consumption of elderberry or blueberry
Jul 01, 2002; ... ABSTRACT The absorption and metabolism of anthocyanins (ACN) in humans was studied in four elderly women given 12 g elderberry extract (EBX) (720 mg total ACN), and six elderly women given 189 g lowbush blueberry (BB) (690 mg total ACN). The two major ACN in EBX, cyanidin-3-glucoside and ...
Vitamin B-12 status is inversely associated with plasma homocysteine in young women with C677T and/or A1298C methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphisms
Jul 01, 2002; ... Vitamin B-12 Status Is Inversely Associated with Plasma Homocysteine in Young Women with C677T and/or A1298C Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Polymorphisms1 ABSTRACT Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) polymorphisms may negatively influence one-carbon metabolism and increase ...
A ketogenic diet favorably affects serum biomarkers for cardiovascular disease in normal-weight men
Jul 01, 2002; ... A Ketogenic Diet Favorably Affects Serum Biomarkers for Cardiovascular Disease in Normal-Weight Men1 ABSTRACT Very low-carbohydrate (ketogenic) diets are popular yet little is known regarding the effects on serum biomarkers for cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study examined ...
Apparent mineral retention is similar in control and hyperinsulinemic men after consumption of high amylose cornstarch
Jul 01, 2002; ... Apparent Mineral Retention Is Similar in Control and Hyperinsulinemic Men after Consumption of High Amylose Cornstarch1,2 ABSTRACT The effects on apparent mineral retention after long-term consumption of a high amylose diet containing 30 g resistant starch (RS) were investigated in 10 ...
Metabolic responses to nocturnal eating in men are affected by sources of dietary energy
Jul 01, 2002; ... ABSTRACT Because night work is becoming more prevalent, we studied whether feeding at different times of a 24-h period would elicit different metabolic responses and whether dietary macronutrient composition would affect these responses. Seven men (26-43 y, 19.9-26.6 kg/m^sup 2^) consumed two ...
Soy milk lowers blood pressure in men and women with mild to moderate essential hypertension
Jul 01, 2002; ... Soy Milk Lowers Blood Pressure in Men and Women with Mild to Moderate Essential Hypertension1 (Manuscript received 26 November 2001. Initial review completed 20 December 2001. Revision accepted 23 February 2002.) ABSTRACT Soy-based diets reduce blood pressure in spontaneously ...
A single 60-mg iron dose decreases zinc absorption in lactating women
Jul 01, 2002; ... A Single 60-mg Iron Dose Decreases Zinc Absorption in Lactating Women 1,2 ABSTRACT This study determined whether a single 60-mg dose of ferrous sulfate interferes with fractional zinc absorption (FZA) at 7-9 wk of lactation. In a crossover design, 5 exclusively breast-feeding women were ...
Intravenously infused (13)C-leucine is retained in fasting healthy adult men
Jul 01, 2002; ... Intravenously Infused ^sup 13^C-Leucine Is Retained in Fasting Healthy Adult Men1 ABSTRACT We have proposed a leucine requirement of 40 mg/(kg - d) in adults, based on 24-h direct amino acid balance (24-h DAAB) studies in which leucine intake is calculated as the sum of diet and tracer ...
Vitamin A and iron status are improved by vitamin A and iron supplementation in pregnant Indonesian women
Jul 01, 2002; ... Vitamin A and Iron Status Are Improved by Vitamin A and Iron Supplementation in Pregnant Indonesian Women1,2 ABSTRACT In Indonesia, deficiencies of vitamin A and iron are of public health concern during pregnancy. We sought to determine the effects of vitamin A and iron supplementation ...
Legume grains enhance ileal losses of specific endogenous serine-protease proteins in weaned pigs
Jul 01, 2002; ... Legume Grains Enhance Ileal Losses of Specific Endogenous Serine-Protease Proteins in Weaned Pigs1 ABSTRACT Feeding legume grains to pigs usually increases losses of endogenous proteins at the terminal ileum. However, the identity of such proteins is largely unknown. This study was ...
Chronic inflammation alters protein metabolism in several organs of adult rats
Jul 01, 2002; ... Chronic Inflammation Alters Protein Metabolism in Several Organs of Adult Rats1 ABSTRACT Despite the prevalence of chronic inflammatory diseases in developed countries, few studies have considered the metabolic alterations observed in these disorders. To determine which perturbations in ...
Transporter-mediated absorption is the primary route of entry and is required for passive absorption of intestinal glucose into the blood of conscious dogs
Jul 01, 2002; ... Transporter-Mediated Absorption Is the Primary Route of Entry and Is Required for Passive Absorption of Intestinal Glucose into the Blood of Conscious Dogs1 ABSTRACT To determine the contributions of transporter-mediated and passive absorption during an intraduodenal glucose infusion in ...
The degree of methylation influences the degradation of pectin in the intestinal tract of rats and in vitro
Jul 01, 2002; ... The Degree of Methylation Influences the Degradation of Pectin in the Intestinal Tract of Rats and In Vitro1 ABSTRACT We investigated the degradation, metabolism, fate, and selected effects of pectin in the intestinal tract of rats. Conventional and germfree rats were fed for 3 wk diets ...
Lymphocyte propionyl-CoA carboxylase is an early and sensitive indicator of biotin deficiency in rats, but urinary excretion of 3-hydroxypropionic acid is not
Jul 01, 2002; ... Lymphocyte Propionyl-CoA Carboxylase Is an Early and Sensitive Indicator of Biotin Deficiency in Rats, but Urinary Excretion of 3-Hydroxypropionic Acid Is Not1 ABSTRACT Recent clinical studies have provided evidence that marginal biotin deficiency is more common than previously thought ....
Iron deficiency anemia reduces thyroid peroxidase activity in rats
Jul 01, 2002; ... Iron Deficiency Anemia Reduces Thyroid Peroxidase Activity in Rats1 ABSTRACT Studies in animals and humans have shown that iron deficiency anemia (IDA) impairs thyroid metabolism. However, the mechanism is not yet clear. The objective of this study was to investigate whether iron (Fe) ...
Unique uptake and transport of isoflavone aglycones by human intestinal Caco-2 cells: Comparison of isoflavonoids and flavonoids
Jul 01, 2002; ... Unique Uptake and Transport of Isoflavone Aglycones by Human Intestinal Caco-2 Cells: Comparison of Isoflavonoids and Flavonoids1 ABSTRACT Soy isoflavonoids have attracted much attention because of their estrogenic activity. To study the intestinal absorption of the isoflavonoids, we ...
The bioavailability of ferulic acid is governed primarily by the food matrix rather than its metabolism in intestine and liver in rats
Jul 01, 2002; ... The Bioavailability of Ferulic Acid Is Governed Primarily by the Food Matrix Rather than Its Metabolism in Intestine and Liver in Rats1 ABSTRACT The physiologic importance of ferulic acid (FA), and notably its antioxidant properties, depends upon its availability for absorption and ...
Lyophilized apple counteracts the development of hypercholesterolemia, oxidative stress, and renal dysfunction in obese Zucker rats
Jul 01, 2002; ... Lyophilized Apple Counteracts the Development of Hypercholesterolemia, Oxidative Stress, and Renal Dysfunction in Obese Zucker Rats1 ABSTRACT Apples may have selective effects on abnormalities associated with the plurimetabolic syndrome. Therefore, the effects of 20% lyophilized apple ...
Hydroxycitrate has long-term effects on feeding behavior, body weight regain and metabolism after body weight loss in male rats
Jul 01, 2002; ... Hydroxycitrate Has Long-Term Effects on Feeding Behavior, Body Weight Regain and Metabolism after Body Weight Loss in Male Rats1,2 ABSTRACT We examined the long-term effect of hydroxycitrate (HCA) on food intake, meal patterns, body weight regain and energy conversion ratio as well as ...
Free phytosterols effectively reduce plasma and liver cholesterol in gerbils fed cholesterol
Jul 01, 2002; ... Free Phytosterols Effectively Reduce Plasma and Liver Cholesterol in Gerbils Fed Cholesterol1 ABSTRACT The potential of free phytosterols (including 20% stanols) to lower plasma and liver lipids was assessed in three experiments with gerbils fed diets containing cholesterol. The first ...
Medium-chain fatty acids but not L-carnitine accelerate the kinetics of [(14)C]triacylglycerol utilization by colostrum-deprived newborn pigs
Jul 01, 2002; ... Medium-Chain Fatty Acids but Not L-Carnitine Accelerate the Kinetics of [^sup 14^ C]Triacylglycerol Utilization by Colostrum-Deprived Newborn Pigs1 5 Abbreviations used: CPT-I, carnitine palmitoyltransferase I; LCT, long-chain triglycerides; MCT, medium-chain triglycerides; TG, ...
Guanidine transport across the apical and basolateral membranes of human intestinal Caco-2 cells is mediated by two different mechanisms
Jul 01, 2002; ... Guanidine Transport across the Apical and Basolateral Membranes of Human Intestinal Caco-2 Cells Is Mediated by Two Different Mechanisms1 ABSTRACT The functional characteristics of the intestinal absorption and secretion of guanidine as a model of a nutritionally and metabolically ...
Methionine supply to growing steers affects hepatic activities of methionine synthase and betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase, but not cystathionine synthase
Jul 01, 2002; ... Methionine Supply to Growing Steers Affects Hepatic Activities of Methionine Synthase and Betaine-Homocysteine Methyltransferase, but Not Cystathionine Synthase1,2 ABSTRACT The effects of supplemental methionine (Met), supplied abomasally, on the activities of methionine synthase (MS), ...
Alterations in enterocyte proliferation and apoptosis accompany TPN-induced mucosal hypoplasia and IGF-I-induced hyperplasia in rats
Jul 01, 2002; ... Alterations in Enterocyte Proliferation and Apoptosis Accompany TPN-- Induced Mucosal Hypoplasia and IGF-I-Induced Hyperplasia in Rats1 ABSTRACT The mechanisms underlying nutrient regulation of intestinal cell turnover are poorly understood. The total parenteral nutrition (TPN) model ...
Defatted avocado pulp reduces body weight and total hepatic fat but increases plasma cholesterol in male rats fed diets with cholesterol
Jul 01, 2002; ... Defatted Avocado Pulp Reduces Body Weight and Total Hepatic Fat But Increases Plasma Cholesterol in Male Rats Fed Diets with Cholesterol, ABSTRACT The potential use of avocado as a fiber source was evaluated. The total dietary fiber content of fresh avocado fruit of the Ettinger variety ...
Nutritional regulation or procine bacterial-induced colitis by conjugated linoleic acid
Jul 01, 2002; ... Nutritional Regulation of Porcine Bacterial-Induced Colitis by Conjugated Linoleic Acid1,2 ABSTRACT Excessive intake of saturated fatty acids and/or linoleic acid favors the induction of an array of lipid mediators and cytokines enhancing inflammatory responses. Conversely, dietary ...
Bacterial infection affects protein synthesis in primary lymphoid tissues and circulating lymphocytes of rats
Jul 01, 2002; ... Bacterial Infection Affects Protein Synthesis in Primary Lymphoid Tissues and Circulating Lymphocytes of Rats1 ABSTRACT Bacterial infection alters whole-body protein homeostasis. Although immune cells are of prime importance for host defense, the effect of sepsis on their protein ...
Immune functions are maintained in healthy men with low zinc intake
Jul 01, 2002; ... Immune Functions Are Maintained in Healthy Men with Low Zinc Intake1,2 ABSTRACT Although immunity is impaired during severe zinc deficiency, there is limited information about the effects of mild zinc depletion on immune response in humans. We evaluated the effects of a zinc-restricted ...
Cats require more dietary phenylalanine or tyrosine for melanin deposition in hair than for maximal growth
Jul 01, 2002; ... Cats Require More Dietary Phenylalanine or Tyrosine for Melanin Deposition in Hair than for Maximal Growth1 ABSTRACT In 1986, the NRC recommended a dietary concentration of 4.0 g/kg of phenylalanine and 8.5 g/kg of total aromatic amino acids for growing kittens on the basis of maximal ...
Fractional intestinal absorption of magnesium is directly proportional to dietary magnesium intake in rats
Jul 01, 2002; ... Fractional Intestinal Absorption of Magnesium Is Directly Proportional to Dietary Magnesium Intake in Rats1 ABSTRACT The precise mechanisms of intestinal Mg absorption are still unclear and the possibility of an adaptative rise in the fraction of Mg absorbed as Mg intake is lowered is ...
A combination of dietary fructooligosaccharides and isoflavone conjugates increases femoral bone mineral density and equol production in ovariectomized mice
Jul 01, 2002; ... ABSTRACT Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) stimulate the growth of bifidobacteria, which cleave isoflavone conjugates to yield the corresponding aglycones and metabolites. In a previous study, FOS modified the absorption and enterohepatic recirculation of isoflavones in rats. In the present study, we ...
Dietary genistein affects brain protein synthesis rates in ovariectomized female rats
Jul 01, 2002; ... ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to determine whether genistein affects the rate of brain protein synthesis in ovariectomized female rats. Experiments were conducted on three groups of 12-wk-old female rats: those in group 1 were ovariectomized to reduce the level of plasma sex hormone; ...
Low vitamin B-12 intake and status are more prevalent in Hispanic older adults of Caribbean origin than in neighborhood-matched non-Hispanic whites
Jul 01, 2002; ... Nutritional Epidemiology Low Vitamin B-12 Intake and Status Are More Prevalent in Hispanic Older Adults of Caribbean Origin Than in Neighborhood-Matched Non-Hispanic Whites' ABSTRACT Vitamin B-12 deficiency is a recognized problem among older adults, although vitamin ...
Cognitive function in elderly people is influenced by vitamin E status
Jul 01, 2002; ... (Manuscript received 31 January 2002. Initial review completed 12 March 2002. Revision accepted 28 March 2002.) ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to examine associations between vitamin E status and cognitive performance in elderly people. The study subjects were a group of 34 men and ...
Carp oil and oleic acid, but not linoleic acid or linolenic acid, inhibits tumor growth and metastasis in Lewis lung carcinoma-bearing mice
Jul 01, 2002; ... Carp Oil or Oleic Acid, but Not Linoleic Acid or Linolenic Acid, Inhibits Tumor Growth and Metastasis in Lewis Lung Carcinoma-Bearing Mice1 ABSTRACT I examined the effects of carp oil, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid on tumor growth and metastasis to the liver in mice ...
Disparate in vitro and in vivo antileukemic effects of resveratrol, a natural polyphenolic compound found in grapes
Jul 01, 2002; ... Disparate In Vitro and In Vivo Antileukemic Effects of Resveratrol, a Natural Polyphenolic Compound Found in Grapes1 ABSTRACT Resveratrol (trans-3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene), a polyphenol found in grapes and grape wine, has been reported to exhibit cardioprotective and chemopreventive ...
Resveratrol enhances the differentiation induced by butyrate in Caco-2 colon cancer cells
Jul 01, 2002; ... Resveratrol Enhances the Differentiation Induced by Butyrate in Caco-2 Colon Cancer Cells1 ABSTRACT Butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid produced in the colon by microbial fermentation of fiber, inhibits growth of colonic carcinoma cells while inducing differentiation. Resveratrol, a ...
Folate supplements and the masking of vitamin B-12 deficiency
Jul 01, 2002; ... Dear Sir: I wish to comment on the title of the article "The Chilean Flour Folic Acid Fortification Program Reduces Serum Homocysteine Levels and Masks Vitamin B- 12 Deficiency in Elderly People" (1). The authors measured hematological data and plasma vitamin B-12 levels in 108 elderly ...
History of food and nutrition in emergency relief: Introduction
Jul 01, 2002; ... Introduction' There has been a lot of news coverage over recent years concerning "Emergency Relief," although the nutrition aspect of these activities is often given benign neglect. Yet, during the past 50 y there has been a sincere effort toward "how can we do things better." This ...
Emergency relief during Europe's famine of 1817 anticipated crisis-response mechanisms of today
Jul 01, 2002; ... Emergency Relief during Europe's Famine of 1817 Anticipated Crisis-Response Mechanisms of Today1 ABSTRACT Humanitarian professionals continue to seek best practice guidelines for famine relief. Many emergency interventions in developing countries draw on recent lessons from the 20th ...
Lessons on nutrition of displaced people
Jul 01, 2002; ... Lessons on Nutrition of Displaced People1,2 ABSTRACT Policies for protecting the nutrition of displaced people (including refugees) have evolved significantly since the sharp increase in numbers began in the 1970s. Food supplies have often been grossly inadequate, probably contributing ...
Foods provided through U.S. Government emergency food aid programs: Policies and customs governing their formulation, selection and distribution
Jul 01, 2002; ... Foods Provided through U.S. Government Emergency Food Aid Programs: Policies and Customs Governing Their Formulation, Selection and Distribution1,2 ABSTRACT This report describes the food commodities that are used in U.S. emergency food aid programs and outlines issues in their ...
Translating nutrition research into action in humanitarian emergencies
Jul 01, 2002; ... Translating Nutrition Research into Action in Humanitarian Emergencies' ABSTRACT Except for the management of severe malnutrition, there has been little research specifically conducted to support emergency food and nutrition programs. Lacking empirically based guidance regarding how ...
The development of concepts of malnutrition
Jul 01, 2002; ... The Development of Concepts of Malnutrition' The idea that edematous malnutrition was caused by hypoalbuminemia, and that this was directly attributable to a low protein diet, was present in the 19th century. After the conceptual framework was laid by Starling, of the effects of the ...