The Journal of Nutrition back issues from November 2002:
Quantitative indicators from a food expenditure survey can be used to target the food insecure in South Africa
Nov 01, 2002; ... Quantitative Indicators from a Food Expenditure Survey Can Be Used to Target the Food Insecure in South Africa 1,2 ABSTRACT Recent work on assessing household food insecurity has focused mainly on experiential-based measures using qualitative survey questions. In this paper, we employed ...
Vitamin A supplementation of women postpartum and of their infants at immunization alters breast milk retinol and infant vitamin A status
Nov 01, 2002; ... Community and International Nutrition Vitamin A Supplementation of Women Postpartum and of Their Infants at Immunization Alters Breast Milk Retinol and Infant Vitamin A Status' ABSTRACT Vitamin A supplementation of lactating mothers and of infants at the time of ...
Iron supplementation affects growth and morbidity of breast-fed infants: Results of a randomized trial in Sweden and Honduras
Nov 01, 2002; ... Iron Supplementation Affects Growth and Morbidity of Breast-Fed Infants: Results of a Randomized Trial in Sweden and Honduras1 ABSTRACT Iron supplements are often prescribed during infancy but their benefits and risks have not been well documented. We examined whether iron supplements ...
Oxidized fatty acids promote atherosclerosis only in the presence of dietary cholesterol in low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout mice
Nov 01, 2002; ... Oxidized Fatty Acids Promote Atherosclerosis Only in the Presence of Dietary Cholesterol in Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor Knockout Mice1,2 ABSTRACT Studies suggest that heated oils contribute to the presence of oxidized components in the circulating lipoproteins and to the ...
Dietary fiber down-regulates colonic tumor necrosis factor (alpha) and nitric oxide production in trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid-induced colitic rats
Nov 01, 2002; ... Dietary Fiber Down-Regulates Colonic Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha and Nitric Oxide Production in Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid-Induced Colitic Rats1,2 ABSTRACT Previous studies have revealed the beneficial effects exerted by dietary fiber in human inflammatory bowel disease, which were ...
Conjugated linoleic acid differentially modifies fatty acid composition in subcellular fractions of muscle and adipose tissue but not adiposity of postweanling pigs
Nov 01, 2002; ... Conjugated Linoleic Acid Differentially Modifies Fatty Acid Composition in Subcellular Fractions of Muscle and Adipose Tissue but Not Adiposity of Postweanling Pigs1,2,3 ABSTRACT This study examined the interaction between conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and dietary fat type on the ...
Zinc transporters in the rat mammary gland respond to marginal zinc and vitamin A intakes during lactation
Nov 01, 2002; ... Biochemical and Molecular Actions of Nutrients ABSTRACT Marginal intake of zinc and vitamin A is common during lactation and a deficiency of one micronutrient can result in a secondary deficiency of the other. However, the resistance of milk zinc (Zn) concentration to changes in dietary ...
Supplementation of N-acetylcysteine normalizes lipopolysaccharide-induced nuclear factor kB activation and proinflammatory cytokine production during early rehabilitation of...
Nov 01, 2002; ... Supplementation of N-Acetylcysteine Normalizes LipopolysaccharideInduced Nuclear Factor (Kappa)B Activation and Proinflammatory Cytokine Production During Early Rehabilitation of Protein Malnourished Mice1,2 ABSTRACT Increased sensitivity to septic shock has been reported in protein ...
Antigen-driven murine CD4(+) T lymphocyte proliferation and interleukin-2 production are diminished by dietary (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids
Nov 01, 2002; ... Antigen-Driven Murine CD4+ T Lymphocyte Proliferation and Interleukin-2 Production Are Diminished by Dietary (n-3) Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids1,2 ABSTRACT This study is the first to describe the impact of consuming a diet rich in (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) from fish oil on ...
Zinc deficiency in mice alters myelopoiesis and hematopoiesis
Nov 01, 2002; ... Zinc Deficiency in Mice Alters Myelopoiesis and Hematopoiesis1,2 ABSTRACT Suboptimal nutriture causes leukopenia, but whether this is related to a modification in hematopoiesis is unknown. A 34-d period of zinc deficiency was used to obtain moderate and severely zinc-deficient (ZD) ...
Improved vitamin B-6 status is positively related to lymphocyte proliferation in young women consuming a controlled diet
Nov 01, 2002; ... Improved Vitamin B-6 Status Is Positively Related to Lymphocyte Proliferation in Young Women Consuming a Controlled Diet1,2 ABSTRACT To examine the effect of increased intake levels of vitamin B-6 (B-6) on lymphocyte proliferation and interleukin 2 (IL-2) concentration, young women (n = ...
Diindolymethane alters gene expression in human keratinocytes in vitro
Nov 01, 2002; ... Diindolylmethane Alters Gene Expression in Human Keratinocytes In Vrtro1,2 ABSTRACT Indole-3-carbinol (13C) and its dimer 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM), obtained from dietary consumption of cruciferous vegetables, have multiple biochemical activities. Both compounds have been effective ...
Adaptive changes in adipocyte gene expression differ in AKR/J and SWR/J mice during diet-induced obesity
Nov 01, 2002; ... Adaptive Changes in Adipocyte Gene Expression Differ in AKR/J and SWR/J Mice during Diet-Induced Obesity1 ABSTRACT Obesity-prone (AKR/J) and obesity-resistant (SWR/J) mice were weaned onto low (LF) or high fat (HF) diets to identify adaptive changes in adipocyte gene expression that are ...
Dietary polyunsaturated fats regulate rat liver sterol regulatory element binding proteins-1 and -2 in three distinct stages and by different mechanisms
Nov 01, 2002; ... Nutrient-Gene Interactions Dietary Polyunsaturated Fats Regulate Rat Liver Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Proteins-1 and -2 in Three Distinct Stages and by Different Mechanisms1 ABSTRACT Male Sprague-Dawley rats, trained to consume their daily energy needs in a single 3-h ...
Long-term effects of histidine depletion on whole-body protein metabolism in healthy adults
Nov 01, 2002; ... Long-Term Effects of Histidine Depletion on Whole-Body Protein Metabolism in Healthy Adults1,2 ABSTRACT The essentiality of histidine in healthy adults is a controversial topic. To study the potential metabolic effects of a lack of exogenous histidine, four healthy adults consumed a ...
Naringenin from cooked tomato paste is bioavailable in men
Nov 01, 2002; ... Naringenin from Cooked Tomato Paste Is Bioavailable in Men1 ABSTRACT Naringenin has been shown to exert antiestrogenic, cholesterol-lowering and antioxidant activities, as well as an indirect modulation on the metabolism of many xenobiotics. It is one of the most abundant polyphenols in ...
Increases in blood folate indices are similar in women of childbearing age supplemented with [6S]-5-methyltetrahydrofolate and folic acid
Nov 01, 2002; ... Increases in Blood Folate Indices Are Similar in Women of Childbearing Age Supplemented with [6S]-5-Methyltetrahydrofolate and Folic Acid1 ABSTRACT The natural diastereoisomer [6S]-5-methyltetrahydrofolate ([6S]-5-MTHF) may be a safer fortificant than folic acid for neural tube defect ...
Glyceride stearic acid content and structure affect the energy available to growing rats
Nov 01, 2002; ... Glyceride Stearic Acid Content and Structure Affect the Energy Available to Growing Rats 1 ABSTRACT To better understand the relative absorption of 18:0, specific structured triglycerides (STG) with varied ratios of 18:0 and short-chain organic acids (2:0, 3:0, 4:0) were compared with ...
Intestinal calcium absorption in growing dogs is influenced by calcium intake and age but not by growth rate
Nov 01, 2002; ... Nutrient Metabolism Intestinal Calcium Absorption in Growing Dogs Is Influenced by Calcium Intake and Age but Not by Growth Rate1 ABSTRACT The effects of calcium (Ca) intake (V^sub I^), age and growth rate on intestinal Ca absorption were studied in growing dogs. Two breeds of ...
Enzymes and metabolites of cysteine metabolism in nonhepatic tissues of rats show little response to changes in dietary protein or sulfur amino acid levels
Nov 01, 2002; ... Enzymes and Metabolites of Cysteine Metabolism in Nonhepatic Tissues of Rats Show Little Response to Changes in Dietary Protein or Sulfur Amino Acid Levels1 ABSTRACT In liver, cysteine dioxygenase (CDO), cysteinesulfinate decarboxylase (CSD), and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS) ...
Sutstituting honey for refined carbohydrates protects rats from hypertriglyceridemic and prooxidative effects of fructose
Nov 01, 2002; ... ABSTRACT Recent findings indicate that a high fructose diet has a prooxidant effect in rats compared with a starch diet. Because honey is rich in fructose, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of substituting honey for refined carbohydrates on lipid metabolism and oxidative stress ....
Net portal absorption of enterally fed (alpha)-ketoglutarate is limited in young pigs
Nov 01, 2002; ... Net Portal Absorption of Enterally Fed alpha-Ketoglutarate Is Limited in Young Pigs1,2 ABSTRACT Our aim was to quantify the intestinal metabolic fate of dietary alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG). Female pigs (n = 6; 21 d old) were implanted with arterial, venous, portal and gastric catheters ...
Supplemental feeding of difructose anhydride III restores calcium absorption impaired by ovariectomy in rats
Nov 01, 2002; ... Supplemental Feeding of Difructose Anhydride III Restores Calcium Absorption Impaired by Ovariectomy in Rats1 ABSTRACT In three separate experiments, we examined the effects of feeding difructose anhydride III (DFAIII) on intestinal calcium (Ca) absorption using female Sprague-Dawley ...
Melibiose, difructose anhydride III and difructose anhydride IV enhance net calcium absorption in rat small and large intestinal epithelium by increasing the passage of...
Nov 01, 2002; ... ABSTRACT An Ussing chamber technique was used to determine the effects of three indigestible disaccharides on net Ca transport from the luminal side to the basolateral side of isolated preparations of jejunal, ileal, cecal and colonic epithelium in rats. Permeability of Lucifer Yellow (LY) and ...
Excess dietary vitamin E lowers the activities of antioxidative enzymes in erythrocytes of rats fed salmon oil
Nov 01, 2002; ... Nutrient Interactions and Toxicity Excess Dietary Vitamin E Lowers the Activities of Antioxidative Enzymes in Erythrocytes of Rats Fed Salmon Oil1 ABSTRACT In vitro studies suggest that high vitamin E supplementation has prooxidative activity, but very few studies have ...
The abundance and function of biotin-dependent enzymes are reduced in rats chronically administered carbamazepine
Nov 01, 2002; ... The Abundance and Function of Biotin-Dependent Enzymes Are Reduced in Rats Chronically Administered Carbamazepine1 ABSTRACT The effect of dietary antiepileptic drug administration on the metabolism and function of the water-soluble vitamin biotin was analyzed in a physiologically ...
Choice feeding fo selenium-deficient laying hens affects diet selection, selenium intake and body weight
Nov 01, 2002; ... ABSTRACT Inadequate selenium (Se) supply often in combination with low vitamin E status causes deficiency symptoms in many species. It is likely that a vague discomfort or sickness is perceived before clear deficiency signs become apparent. We investigated whether Se-deficient hens reduce their ...
Hyperhomocysteinemia due to short-term folate deprivation is related to electron microscopic changes in the rat brain
Nov 01, 2002; ... Hyperhomocysteinemia Due to Short-Term Folate Deprivation Is Related to Electron Microscopic Changes in the Rat Brain1 ABSTRACT We investigated the effects of folate deprivation on plasma folate and homocysteine and its effects on cerebral microvasculature using electron microscopy. Two ...
Mineral intakes of elderly adult supplement and non-supplement users in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Nov 01, 2002; ... ABSTRACT Calcium, iron and zinc are important in many of the body's functions. We report dietary and combined (diet + supplements) intakes for these minerals for elderly supplement and non-supplement users in the United States and the prevalence of inadequate intakes. We calculated usual dietary ...
Passive diffusion does not play a major role in the absorption of dietary calcium in normal adults
Nov 01, 2002; ... Issues and Opinions ABSTRACT Several authors have indicated recently that passive diffusion is the dominant process by which dietary calcium is absorbed by normal adults. These conclusions have important implications in the maintenance of normal calcium status in humans. They imply that ...
Errata
Nov 01, 2002; ... Pinna, K., Kelley, D. S., Taylor, P. C. and King, J. C. (2002) Immune Functions Are Maintained in Healthy Men with Low Zinc Intake. J. Nutr. 132: 2033-2036. On page 2035, Figure 1, one asterisk for 2.5 mg/L PHA on the repletion value and two asterisks for 10.0 mg/L PHA on the Zn ...
Feeding the world in the coming decades requires improvements in investment, technology and institutions
Nov 01, 2002; ... Feeding the World in the Coming Decades Requires Improvements in Investment, Technology and Institutions ABSTRACT The world is food secure at the global level, yet nearly 800 million are food insecure. "Business as usual" is not going to bring us close to meeting the Millennium ...
Appropriate food policies and investments could reduce child malnutrition by 43% in 2020
Nov 01, 2002; ... Appropriate Food Policies and Investments Could Reduce Child Malnutrition by 43% in 2020(1) ABSTRACT This report describes past trends in global child malnutrition and assesses future prospects for reducing child malnutrition. Most developing countries have significantly reduced the ...
Research needs to improve agricultural productivity and food quality, with emphasis on biotechnology
Nov 01, 2002; ... Symposium: Feeding the World in the Coming Decades Research Needs to Improve Agricultural Productivity and Food Quality, with Emphasis on Biotechnology' ABSTRACT Research into agricultural productivity, especially for crops in the developing world, should include resistance to ...
Africa: Addressing growing threats to food security
Nov 01, 2002; ... Africa: Addressing Growing Threats to Food Security' ABSTRACT Africa remains the only region in the world where the number of hungry people will still be on the increase in 2020, and the number of malnourished children will have increased correspondingly. In this report I have ...
Introduction
Nov 01, 2002; ... Introduction1 More than 400 delegates from 21 different countries attended the American Institute for Cancer Research/World Cancer Research Fund International (AICR/WCRF) Research Conference on Food, Nutrition and Cancer held July 11 through July 12, 2002, in Washington, DC. This year's ...
The underlying basis for obesity: Relationship to cancer
Nov 01, 2002; ... The Underlying Basis for Obesity: Relationship to Cancer1 ABSTRACT An increase in the risk of cancer is one of the consequences of obesity. The predominant cancers associated with obesity have a hormonal base and include breast, prostate, endometrium, colon and gallbladder cancers. As ...
Physical activity and cancer prevention: Etiologic evidence and biological mechanisms
Nov 01, 2002; ... Physical Activity and Cancer Prevention: Etiologic Evidence and Biological Mechanisms1,2 ABSTRACT Scientific evidence is accumulating on physical activity as a means for the primary prevention of cancer. Nearly 170 observational epidemiologic studies of physical activity and cancer risk ...
Dietary intake, resting energy expenditure, weight loss and survival in cancer patients
Nov 01, 2002; ... Dietary Intake, Resting Energy Expenditure, Weight Loss and Survival in Cancer Patients1 ABSTRACT Anorexia, hypermetabolism and weight loss are common in advanced cancer. The progressive wasting may be due to diminished dietary intake as well as to increased energy expenditure mediated ...
Diet, obesity and reflux in the etiology of adenocarcinomas of the esophagus and gastric cardia in humans
Nov 01, 2002; ... Diet, Obesity and Reflux in the Etiology of Adenocarcinomas of the Esophagus and Gastric Cardia in Humans1,2 ABSTRACT Incidence rates for esophageal adenocarcinoma have increased >350% since the mid-1970s. Rates for gastric cardia adenocarcinoma have also increased, although less ...
Energy imbalance and prostate cancer
Nov 01, 2002; ... International Research Conference on Food, Nutrition & Cancer Energy Imbalance and Prostate Cancer1 ABSTRACT In this review, the emerging evidence that excessive energy intake relative to energy expenditure increases the risk of prostate cancer is discussed. The adverse ...
Flavonoid effects relevant to cancer
Nov 01, 2002; ... Flavonoid Effects Relevant to Cancer1,2,3 ABSTRACT Flavonoids, such as daidzein and genistein, present in dietary plants like soybean, have unique chemical properties with biological activity relevant to cancer. Many flavonoids and polyphenols, including resveratrol in red wine and ...
Phytoestrogens regulate vitamin D metabolism in the mouse colon: Relevance for colon tumor prevention and therapy
Nov 01, 2002; ... Phytoestrogens Regulate Vitamin D Metabolism in the Mouse Colon: Relevance for Colon Tumor Prevention and Therapy1,2 ABSTRACT Soybean products are highly represented in the traditional Asian diet. Major components of soy proteins are phytoestrogens, such as isoflavones. They may be ...
Cancer survivorship research: Challenge and opportunity
Nov 01, 2002; ... Cancer Survivorship Research: Challenge and Opportunity1 ABSTRACT With continued advances in strategies to detect cancer early and treat it effectively along with the aging of the population, the number of individuals living years beyond a cancer diagnosis can be expected to continue to ...
Can lifestyle modification increase survival in women diagnosed with breast cancer?
Nov 01, 2002; ... International Research Conference on Food, Nutrition & Cancer Can Lifestyle Modification Increase Survival in Women Diagnosed with Breast Cancer?1,2 ABSTRACT Epidemiologic studies have linked diets high in vegetables and fruit with an increased likelihood of survival after ...
Omega-3 fatty acids to augment cancer therapy
Nov 01, 2002; ... Omega-3 Fatty Acids to Augment Cancer Therapy1 ABSTRACT The results of animal studies have demonstrated that the consumption of omega-3 fatty acids can slow the growth of cancer xenografts, increase the efficacy of chemotherapy and reduce the side effects of the chemotherapy or of the ...
Prevention and management of prostate cancer using PC-SPES: A scientific perspective
Nov 01, 2002; ... Prevention and Management of Prostate Cancer Using PC-SPES: A Scientific Perspective1,2 ABSTRACT Complementary and alternative therapies are increasingly used in the United States by individuals diagnosed with cancer. PC-SPES is a multiherb dietary supplement used by many patients with ...
DNA alkylation and repair in the large bowel: Animal and human studies
Nov 01, 2002; ... International Research Conference on Food, Nutrition & Cancer DNA Alkylation and Repair in the Large Bowel: Animal and Human Studies1,2 ABSTRACT O^sup 6^-Methylguanine (O^sup 6^-MeG), a procarcinogenic DNA adduct that arises from exposure to methylating agents, has been ...
Effect of white versus red meat on endogenous N-nitrosation in the human colon and further evidence of a dose response
Nov 01, 2002; ... Effect of White Versus Red Meat on Endogenous N-Nitrosation in the Human Colon and Further Evidence of a Dose Response1 ABSTRACT N-Nitroso compounds are found in the colon and are formed endogenously because amines and amides are produced by bacterial decarboxylation of amino acids in ...
Total N-nitroso compounds and their precursors in hot dogs and in the gastrointestinal tract and feces of rats and mice: Possible etiologic agents for colon cancer
Nov 01, 2002; ... Total N-Nitroso Compounds and Their Precursors in Hot Dogs and in the Gastrointestinal Tract and Feces of Rats and Mice: Possible Etiologic Agents for Colon Cancer1,2 ABSTRACT We review evidence that red and processed meat are causes of colon cancer and that processed meat is a risk ...
Behavioral changes in observational and intervention studies
Nov 01, 2002; ... International Research Conference on Food, Nutrition & Cancer Behavioral Changes in Observational and Intervention Studies' ABSTRACT Changes of diet and other lifestyle factors are often highly recommended, but evidence for the effectiveness of behavioral changes in adult ...