The Journal of Nutrition back issues from October 2003:
Antioxidant effects of tea: Evidence from human clinical trials1
Oct 01, 2003; ... Tea remains the most consumed drink in the world after water, well ahead of coffee, beer, wine and carbonated soft drinks. An accumulated number of population studies suggests that consumption of green and black tea beverages may bring positive health effects (1). One hypothesis explaining such ...
Effect of increased tea consumption on oxidative DNA damage among smokers: A randomized controlled study1,2
Oct 01, 2003; ... ABSTRACT Tea drinking has been associated with decreased occurrence of cancer and heart disease. One potential mechanism for these findings is the strong antioxidant effect of tea polyphenols. A phase II randomized controlled tea intervention trial was designed to study the effect of high ...
Antioxidant activity of tea polyphenols in vivo: Evidence from animal studies1
Oct 01, 2003; ... ABSTRACT Tea is particularly rich in polyphenols, including catechins, theaflavins and thearubigins, which are thought to contribute to the health benefits of tea. Tea polyphenols act as antioxidants in vitro by scavenging reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and chelating redox-active ...
Black tea consumption reduces total and LDL cholesterol in mildly hypercholesterolemic adults1
Oct 01, 2003; ... ABSTRACT Despite epidemiological evidence that tea consumption is associated with the reduced risk of coronary heart disease, experimental studies designed to show that tea affects oxidative stress or blood cholesterol concentration have been unsuccessful. We assessed the effects of black tea ...
Tea consumption and cardiovascular disease: Effects on endothelial function1,2
Oct 01, 2003; ... ABSTRACT Epidemiological studies suggest that tea consumption is associated with reduced cardiovascular disease risk, but the mechanisms for these observations have remained uncertain. In recent years, it has become apparent that the endothelium plays a central role in the regulation of vascular ...
Mechanisms of cancer prevention by tea constituents1,2
Oct 01, 2003; ... ABSTRACT Consumption of tea (Camellia sinensis) has been suggested to prevent cancer, heart disease and other diseases. Animal studies have shown that tea and tea constituents inhibit carcinogenesis of the skin, lung, oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, liver, prostate and other organs. In some ...
Introductory comments from the symposium cosponsors1
Oct 01, 2003; ... The Third International Scientific Symposium on Tea and Human Health: Role of Flavonoids in the Diet has provided new and encouraging findings for organizations promoting greater public awareness of the importance of diet in the prevention of chronic diseases such as cancer and heart ...
Metabolism of tea flavonoids in the gastrointestinal tract1,2
Oct 01, 2003; ... ABSTRACT There is considerable interest in the bioavailability of flavan-3-ols such as tea catechins and their bioactivity in vivo. Although flavanols such as catechin and epicatechin have long been characterized as powerful antioxidants in vitro, evidence suggests that these compounds undergo ...
Introduction to the proceedings of the Third International Scientific Symposium on Tea and Human Health: Role of Flavonoids in the Diet1,2
Oct 01, 2003; ... The Third International Scientific Symposium on Tea and Human Health: Role of Flavonoids in the Diet was held Septemher 23, 2002 at the U.S. Department of Agriculture in Washington, D.C. The symposium was organized by the Tea Council of the USA and cosponsored by the American Cancer Society, ...
Tea and cancer prevention: Studies in animals and humans1
Oct 01, 2003; ... ABSTRACT The role of tea in protection against cancer has been supported by ample evidence from studies in cell culture and animal models. However, epidemiological studies have generated inconsistent results, some of which associated tea with reduced risk of cancer, whereas others found that tea ...
Overview of dietary flavonoids: Nomenclature, occurrence and intake1
Oct 01, 2003; ... ABSTRACT Flavonoids and their polymers constitute a large class of food constituents, many of which alter metabolic processes and have a positive impact on health. Flavonoids are a subclass of polyphenols. They generally consist of two aromatic rings, each containing at least one hydroxyl, which ...
High meat diet, acid-base status and calcium retention
Oct 01, 2003; ... Manuscript received 10 June 2003. Dear Editor, In a recent paper in the April 2003 issue of The Journal of Nutrition, Roughead et al. (1) examined the effects of a high meat compared with a low meat diet on calcium retention and calciuria in healthy postmenopausal women. No ...
The J-shaped effect of coffee consumption on the risk of developing acute coronary syndromes: The CARDIO2000 case-control study1,2
Oct 01, 2003; ... 0022-3166/03 $3.00 (C) 2003 American Society for Nutritional Sciences. Manuscript received 8 June 2003. Initial review completed 27 June 2003. Revision accepted 7 July 2003. ABSTRACT The effect of coffee consumption on cardiovascular disease has been debated for many years. In ...
Behavioral responses are altered in piglets with decreased frontal cortex docosahexaenoic acid1
Oct 01, 2003; ... Manuscript received 10 April 2003. Initial review completed 11 June 2003. Revision accepted 3 July 2003. ABSTRACT Docosahexaenoic acid [22:6(n-3)] is required in large amounts for membrane lipid synthesis during brain growth. The functional importance of differences in dietary fatty acid ...
Low versus high meat diets: Effects on calcium metabolism
Oct 01, 2003; ... Manuscript received 20 May 2003. Dear Editor, I compliment Dr. Roughead and colleagues for an elegant study rigorously comparing the long-term effects of a high meat versus a low meat diet on important measures of body calcium and bone metabolism (1) Their highly credible data ...
Reply to Sebastian and Remer and Manz
Oct 01, 2003; ... Manuscript received 10 July 2003. Dear Editor, We appreciate the thoughtful remarks by Dr. Sebastian and also Drs. Remer and Manz about our recent article in The Journal of Nutrition (1). Their misgivings about the characteristics of the diets tested in some ways parallel our own ...
Dietary folate and depressive symptoms are associated in middle-aged finnish men1
Oct 01, 2003; ... ABSTRACT Several cross-sectional studies have focused on the low blood folate levels of depressed patients. However, no published studies have examined the association between dietary folate and current symptoms of depression in a general population. We investigated the association between ...
Conjugated linoleic acid ameliorates viral infectivity in a pig model of virally induced immunosuppression1,2
Oct 01, 2003; ... Manuscript received 7 May 2003. Initial review completed 16 June 2003. Revision accepted 8 July 2003. ABSTRACT We investigated the cellular and molecular immunoregulatory actions of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) of relevance to viral disease pathogenesis and antiviral responses. To test ...
Assessment of vitamin B-6 estimated average requirement and recommended dietary allowance for adolescents aged 13-15 years using vitamin B-6 intake, nutritional status and anthropometry1
Oct 01, 2003; ... ABSTRACT Because of limited available information, the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) and Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of vitamin B-6 for adolescents were recently estimated by extrapolation from adult values. To determine vitamin B-6 requirements and to provide recommendations for ...
Total fumonisins are reduced in tortillas using the traditional nixtamalization method of Mayan communities1,2
Oct 01, 2003; ... ABSTRACT Fumonisin B^sub 1^ (FB^sub 1^) is a maize mycotoxin. In tortilla preparation, maize is treated with lime (nixtamalization), producing hydrolyzed FB^sub 1^ (HFB^sub 1^) due to loss of the tricarballylic acid side chains. This study determined the following: 1) whether nixtamalization by ...
Megasphaera elsdenii JCM1772^sup T^ normalizes hyperlactate production in the large intestine of fructooligosaccharide-fed rats by stimulating butyrate production1
Oct 01, 2003; ... ABSTRACT Hyperlactate production is related to disorders of the large intestine such as inflammatory bowel diseases. Lactate, an intermediate in hindgut fermentation, is metabolized to SCFA. Megasphaera elsdenii can convert lactate to butyrate, a physiologically important organic acid for the ...
Coenzyme Q intake elevates the mitochondrial and tissue levels of coenzyme Q and [alpha]-tocopherol in young mice1
Oct 01, 2003; ... Manuscript received 1 May 2003. Initial review completed 19 June 2003. Revision accepted 16 July 2003. ABSTRACT The main objective of this study was to resolve the issue of whether the amounts of Coenzyme Q (CoQ), which is endogenously synthesized in cells, can be elevated in tissues and ...
Subclinical prenatal iodine deficiency negatively affects infant development in Northern China1,2
Oct 01, 2003; ... ABSTRACT Although mild-to-moderate levels of iodine deficiency (ID) have been associated with poor cognitive outcomes in children, little is known about subclinical prenatal ID and infant development. In this study, the association between elevated cord blood thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH, ...
Perinatal iron deficiency alters the neurochemical profile of the developing rat hippocampus1,2
Oct 01, 2003; ... Manuscript received 29 May 2003. Initial review completed 7 July 2003. Revision accepted 29 July 2003. ABSTRACT Cognitive deficits in human infants at risk for gestationally acquired perinatal iron deficiency suggest involvement of the developing hippocampus. To understand the plausible ...
Dietary (+)-catechin and BHT markedly increase [alpha]-tocopherol concentrations in rats by a tocopherol-[omega]-hydroxylase-independent mechanism1,2
Oct 01, 2003; ... Manuscript received 4 June 2003. Initial review completed 3 July 2003. Revision accepted 24 July 2003. ABSTRACT The effects of dietary (+)-catechin (CAT) and BHT on plasma and tissue concentrations of [alpha]-to-copherol ([alpha]-T), [gamma]-tocopherol ([gamma]-T) and cholesterol (C) ...
Fish oil supplementation of rats during pregnancy reduces adult disease risks in their offspring1,2
Oct 01, 2003; ... Manuscript received 10 April 2003. Initial review completed 15 May 2003. Revision accepted 9 July 2003. ABSTRACT Metabolic programming in utero due to maternal undernutrition is considered to increase the risk of adult diseases in offspring. It is therefore of relevance to investigate ...
Iron bioavailability in corn-masa tortillas is improved by the addition of disodium EDTA1
Oct 01, 2003; ... ABSTRACT Corn-masa flour flat bread tortillas are the main staple of Mexican and Central American populations. Due to high concentrations of inhibitors of iron absorption, the bioavailability from this matrix is unknown. We wanted to determine the most suitable fortificant that would ...
Cocoa powder increases postprandial insulinemia in lean young adults1
Oct 01, 2003; ... ABSTRACT We hypothesized that chocolate products elicit higher insulin responses than matched products with alternate flavoring. To test this, we used a within-subject, repeated-measures comparison of six pairs of foods, one flavored with chocolate (cocoa powder) and the other not. Healthy ...
Supplementation of diets with [alpha]-tocopherol reduces serum concentrations of [gamma]- and [delta]-tocopherol in humans1,2
Oct 01, 2003; ... ABSTRACT Despite promising evidence from in vitro experiments and observational studies, supplementation of diets with a-tocopherol has not reduced the risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer in most large-scale clinical trials. One plausible explanation is that the potential health benefits ...
Dietary conjugated linoleic acids as free fatty acids and triacylglycerols similarly affect body composition and energy balance in mice1
Oct 01, 2003; ... Manuscript received 22 May 2003. Initial review completed 27 June 2003. Revision accepted 20 July 2003. ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to compare the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) as triacylglycerols (TAG) or free fatty acids (FFA) on body composition and energy ...
Consumption of folic acid-fortified bread improves folate status in women of reproductive age in Chile1
Oct 01, 2003; ... ABSTRACT Since January 2000 the Chilean Ministry of Health has required the fortification of wheat flour with folic acid (FA) at a concentration of 2.2 mg FA/kg in order to reduce the risk of neural tube defects (NTD) in newborns. This policy was expected to result in a mean additional intake of ...
Dietary modification and moderate antioxidant supplementation differentially affect serum carotenoids, antioxidant levels and markers of oxidative stress in older humans1,2
Oct 01, 2003; ... Manuscript received 28 April 2003. Initial review completed 4 June 2003. Revision accepted 16 July 2003. ABSTRACT Oxidative stress is thought to be a factor in the progression of chronic diseases, and even the aging process itself. We examined the effect of two moderate vitamin, mineral ...
Diet-induced milk fat depression in dairy cows results in increased trans-10, cis-12 CLA in milk fat and coordinate suppression of mRNA abundance for mammary enzymes involved in milk fat synthesis1,2
Oct 01, 2003; ... Manuscript received 19 June 2003. Initial review completed 18 July 2003. Revision accepted 29 July 2003. ABSTRACT Milk composition can be altered by diet, and one example is milk fat depression (MFD) in dairy cows. The biohydrogenation theory of MFD has implicated unique fatty acids ...
Fecal acetate is inversely related to acetate absorption from the human rectum and distal colon1,2
Oct 01, 2003; ... ABSTRACT In humans, colonic bacteria ferment unabsorbed carbohydrates, producing the SCFA acetic, propionic and n-butyric acids. To test for interactions among the SCFA that may affect their absorption, healthy subjects (n = 10) were given 300-mL rectal infusions containing acetate (60 mmol/L), ...
The DASH diet and sodium reduction improve markers of bone turnover and calcium metabolism in adults1,2
Oct 01, 2003; ... Manuscript received 11 June 2003. Initial review completed 27 June 2003. Revision accepted 20 July 2003. ABSTRACT Dietary strategies to prevent and treat osteoporosis focus on increased intake of calcium and vitamin D. Modification of whole dietary patterns and sodium reduction may also ...
Replacement-fed infants born to HIV-infected mothers in India have a high early postpartum rate of hospitalization1,2
Oct 01, 2003; ... Manuscript received 12 April 2003. Initial review completed 9 May 2003. Revision accepted 2 July 2003. ABSTRACT Access to safe breast-feeding alternatives for HIV-infected mothers and their infants in many settings is limited. We compared the rates of early postpartum hospitalization of ...
A pilot study to investigate effects of inulin on Caco-2 cells through in vitro metabolic fingerprinting
Oct 01, 2003; ... Manuscript received 10 June 2003. Initial review completed 11 July 2003. Revision accepted 25 July 2003. ABSTRACT Metabolic fingerprints are novel measurement tools to evaluate the biochemical status of a living organism by using ^sup 1^H NMR and multivariate data analysis (MVDA). In ...
Fermentable and nonfermentable fiber supplements did not alter hunger, satiety or body weight in a pilot study of men and women consuming self-selected diets1,2
Oct 01, 2003; ... ABSTRACT Little is known about the relative effects of fermentable fiber (FF) vs. nonfermentable fiber (NFF) on energy regulation in humans. We compared 27 + or - 0.6 g/d supplements of FF (pectin, [beta]-glucan) and NFF (methylcellulose) for their ability to decrease ad libitum energy intake ...
Glutamine prevents cytokine-induced apoptosis in human colonic epithelial cells1,2
Oct 01, 2003; ... Manuscript received 9 June 2003. Initial review completed 17 July 2003. Revision accepted 30 July 2003. ABSTRACT Epithelial cell apoptosis is an important regulator of normal gut mucosal turnover; however, excessive apoptosis may inhibit mucosal restitution during pathophysiologic ...
Rapid gut transit time and slow fecal isoflavone disappearance phenotype are associated with greater genistein bioavailability in women1,2
Oct 01, 2003; ... Manuscript received 3 March 2003. Initial review completed 11 May 2003. Revision accepted 30 June 2003. ABSTRACT The bioavailability of soybean isoflavones varies widely among individuals due to many factors, including activities of gut microflora. To characterize factors that affect ...
Selenoprotein-deficient transgenic mice exhibit enhanced exercise-induced muscle growth1
Oct 01, 2003; ... Manuscript received 13 May 2003. Initial review completed 2 June 2003. Revision accepted 16 July 2003. ABSTRACT Dietary intake of selenium has been implicated in a wide range of health issues, including aging, heart disease and cancer. Selenium deficiency, which can reduce selenoprotein ...
Vitamin C inhibits lipid oxidation in human HDL1,2
Oct 01, 2003; ... Manuscript received 8 April 2003. Initial review completed 22 May 2003. Revision accepted 5 July 2003. ABSTRACT HDL are susceptible to oxidation, which affects their cardioprotective properties. Although several studies have reported inhibition of HDL oxidation by vitamin E, none has ...
A Short History of Nutritional Science: Part 3 (1912-1944)1
Oct 01, 2003; ... Manuscript received 29 May 2003. In the early years of the 20th century, the number of researchers engaged in nutritional work expanded enormously. Space does not permit more than an introduction to the proliferation of literature on any specific topic and it has unfortunately not been ...
High carbohydrate and high monounsaturated fatty acid diets similarly affect LDL electrophoretic characteristics in men who are losing weight1
Oct 01, 2003; ... Manuscript received 23 April 2003. Initial review completed 20 June 2003. Revision accepted 18 July 2003. ABSTRACT We compared the effects of ad libitum consumption of a defined high complex carbohydrate (CHO) diet (% of energy: CHO, 58.3; fat, 25.8) vs. a defined high monounsaturated ...
Bakery products enriched with phytosterol esters, [alpha]-tocopherol and [beta]-carotene decrease plasma LDL-cholesterol and maintain plasma [beta]-carotene concentrations in normocholesterolemic men and women1
Oct 01, 2003; ... Manuscript received 9 April 2003. Initial review completed 7 May 2003. Revision accepted 25 June 2003. ABSTRACT The hypocholesterolemic effects of phytosterols have not been evaluated in bakery products, and the addition of liposoluble antioxidants to the carrier has never been tested ....
Transgenic chickens expressing [beta]-galactosidase hydrolyze lactose in the intestine1
Oct 01, 2003; ... ABSTRACT Chickens do not possess the necessary enzymes to efficiently hydrolyze lactose into glucose and galactose. The bacterial enzyme [beta]-galactosidase can convert lactose into glucose and galactose. Transgenic chickens that carry the E. coli lacZ gene and express [beta]-galactosidase ...
Zinc modulates PPAR[gamma] signaling and activation of porcine endothelial cells1
Oct 01, 2003; ... Manuscript received 1 May 2003. Initial review completed 19 May 2003. Revision accepted 10 July 2003. ABSTRACT Dietary zinc has potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and is a critical component of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gene expression and ...
Fetal and early postnatal protein malnutrition cause long-term changes in rat liver and muscle mitochondria1
Oct 01, 2003; ... Manuscript received 14 April 2003. Initial review completed 2 June 2003. Revision accepted 15 July 2003. ABSTRACT Epidemiologic data suggest a strong association between low birth weight and increased risk of metabolic syndrome in adult life. However, the underlying mechanisms are ...
Dietary and hormonal stimulation of rat exocrine pancreatic function regulates CRHSP-28 phosphorylation in vivo1,2
Oct 01, 2003; ... ABSTRACT Dietary regulation of digestive enzyme secretion from the pancreas is essential for the breakdown of macronutrients in the gastrointestinal tract. Ca^sup 2+^-responsive heat stable protein (CRHSP)-28 is a regulatory protein that modulates the exocytosis of digestive enzymes from ...
Conjugated linoleic acid in humans: Regulation of adiposity and insulin sensitivity1,2
Oct 01, 2003; ... Manuscript received 26 June 2003. Initial review completed 10 July 2003. Revision accepted 6 August 2003. ABSTRACT Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers, a group of positional and geometric isomers of linoleic acid [18:2(n-6)], have been studied extensively due to their ability to ...
Dietary amino acids promote pancreatic protease synthesis at the translation stage in rats1
Oct 01, 2003; ... Manuscript received 22 May 2003. Initial review completed 3 June 2003. Revision accepted 5 July 2003. ABSTRACT In some tissues, amino acids (AA) stimulate translation initiation via interactions between eukaryote initiation factor (eIF) 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1), eIF4E and eIF4G ....
Nutritional genomics: Implications for companion animals1
Oct 01, 2003; ... Manuscript received 8 May 2003. Initial review completed 12 June 2003. Revision accepted 30 June 2003. ABSTRACT This is an exciting time for biological scientists as the "omics" era continues to evolve and shape the way science is understood and conducted. As genome sequencing of the ...