The Journal of Nutrition back issues from April 2004:
The Neurobiology of Selenium: Lessons from Transgenic Mice1,2
Apr 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT The brain represents a privileged organ with respect to selenium (Se) supply and retention. It contains high amounts of this essential trace element, which is efficiently retained even in conditions of Se deficiency. Accordingly, no severe neurological phenotype has been reported for ...
Fumonisins Disrupt Sphingolipid Metabolism, Folate Transport, and Neural Tube Development in Embryo Culture and In Vivo: A Potential Risk Factor for Human Neural Tube Defects among Populations Consuming Fumonisin-Contaminated Maize1
Apr 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Fumonisins are a family of toxic and carcinogenic mycotoxins produced by Fusarium verticillioides (formerly Fusarium moniliforme), a common fungal contaminant of maize. Fumonisins inhibit ceramide synthase, causing accumulation of bioactive intermediates of sphingolipid metabolism ...
Vitamin C Deficiency Exerts Paradoxical Cardiovascular Effects in Osteogenic Disorder Shionogi (ODS) Rats1
Apr 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Vitamin C is considered to be a very efficient water-soluble antioxidant, for which several new cardiovascular properties were recently described. The aim of this study was to determine in vivo the effects of a severe depletion of vitamin C on cardiac and vascular variables and ...
Phosphorylation of elF2[alpha] Is Involved in the Signaling of Indispensable Amino Acid Deficiency in the Anterior Piriform Cortex of the Brain in Rats1,2
Apr 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Sensing of indispensable amino acid (IAA) deficiency, an acute challenge to protein homeostasis, is demonstrated by rats as rejection of IAA-deficient diets within 20 min. The anterior piriform cortex (APC) of the brain in rats and birds is essential for this nutrient sensing, and is ...
Mucin Dynamics in the Chick Small Intestine Are Altered by Starvation
Apr 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT The absorptive surface of the small intestine is covered by a layer of mucus secreted by goblet cells. The secreted mucins and thickness of the adherent layer influence nutrient digestion and absorption processes as well as the functionality of the mucosa. In this study, methods for the ...
Diallyl Trisulfide Modulates Cell Viability and the Antioxidation and Detoxification Systems of Rat Primary Hepatocytes1
Apr 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT This study investigated the effects of various concentrations of diallyl trisulfide (DATS) and incubation times on cell viability, glutathione (GSH) content, and GSH-related enzyme activity in rat primary hepatocytes. Isolated and cultured primary rat hepatocytes were used as an ...
A Compensatory Nutrition Regimen during Gestation Stimulates Mammary Development and Lactation Potential in Rats1,2
Apr 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT The proper nutritional status during the hormone-sensitive growth phases preceding first parturition can affect mammary development and subsequent lactation performance. We developed a compensatory nutrition regimen (CNR), which is designed to stimulate mammary growth by exploiting the ...
Dietary Soy Protein Isolate and Isoflavones Modulate Hepatic Thyroid Hormone Receptors in Rats1
Apr 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) are regulators of many genes involved in cholesterol and lipid metabolism. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of soy protein isolate (SPI) and isoflavones on hepatic TRs in rats. In Expt. 1, Sprague-Dawley rats were fed diets containing ...
Vitamin B-12 Deficiency Induces Anomalies of Base Substitution and Methylation in the DNA of Rat Colonic Epithelium1
Apr 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Derangements of one-carbon metabolism can directly affect the integrity of the genome by producing inappropriate uracil insertion into DNA and by altering patterns of DNA methylation. Vitamin B-12, a one-carbon nutrient, serves as a cofactor in the synthesis of precursors of biological ...
Gene Expression Profiling in Human Preadipocytes and Adipocytes by Microarray Analysis1,2
Apr 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Uncontrolled expansion of adipose tissue leads to obesity, a public health epidemic affecting >30% of adult Americans. Adipose mass increases in part through the recruitment and differentiation of an existing pool of preadipocytes (PA) into adipocytes (AD). Most studies investigating ...
Extra Virgin Olive Oil Biophenols Inhibit Cell-Mediated Oxidation of LDL by Increasing the mRNA Transcription of Glutathione-Related Enzymes1
Apr 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT It has been reported that oxidized LDL (oxLDL) are involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, and that macrophages as well as other cells of the arterial wall can oxidize LDL in vitro, depending on the balance between intracellular prooxidant generation and antioxidant defense ...
Quercetin Protects Against Linoleic Acid-Induced Porcine Endothelial Cell Dysfunction1
Apr 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Consumption of plant phenolics, such as quercetin, may be associated with decreased risk of cardiovascular disease by stabilizing and protecting vascular endothelial cells against oxidative and proinflammatory insults. The present study focused on the effect of quercetin on linoleic ...
Meat Consumption Patterns and Preparation, Genetic Variants of Metabolic Enzymes, and Their Association with Rectal Cancer in Men and Women1,2
Apr 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Meat consumption, particularly of red and processed meat, is one of the most thoroughly studied dietary factors in relation to colon cancer. However, it is not clear whether meat, red meat, heterocyclic amines (HCA), or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are associated with the risk ...
Mice Heterozygous for Atp10c, a Putative Amphipath, Represent a Novel Model of Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes1,2
Apr 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Atp10c is a novel type IV P-type ATPase and is a putative phospholipid transporter. The purpose of this study was to assess the overall effect of the heterozygous deletion of Atp10c on obesity-related phenotypes and metabolic abnormalities in mice fed a high-fat diet. Heterozygous mice ...
Dietary Zinc Alters Early Inflammatory Responses during Cutaneous Wound Healing in Weanling CD-1 Mice1,2
Apr 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Zinc deficiency is a well-known health problem associated with delayed wound healing, yet the precise mechanisms that underlie the delay remain unknown. We hypothesized that zinc deficiency delays wound healing as a result of decreased nuclear factor (NF)[kappa]B activation, reduced ...
Kruppel-Like Factor 4 Is Transactivated by Butyrate in Colon Cancer Cells1
Apr 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT High-fiber diets decrease the incidence of colorectal cancers, and SCFA, derived from dietary fiber, are involved in the regulation of cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis of the colonic epithelium. The mediators of these effects remain poorly defined. Kruppel-like factor-4 ...
Mild Hyperhomocysteinemia Induced by Feeding Rats Diets Rich in Methionine or Deficient in Folate Promotes Early Atherosclerotic Inflammatory Processes1
Apr 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT High homocysteine levels in vitro promote the expression of inflammatory agents responsible for atherogenesis. We investigated the long-term effects of elevated plasma homocysteine on the expression of inflammatory molecules and attempted to elucidate their mechanisms. Male ...
Indicator Amino Acid Oxidation Responds Rapidly to Changes in Lysine or Protein Intake in Growing and Adult Pigs1,2
Apr 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT There is disagreement about the adaptation time required when using the indicator amino acid oxidation (IAAO) technique. Our objective was to establish the adaptation time required to obtain a plateau in indicator (L-[1-^sup 14^C]-phenylalanine) oxidation in response to a test diet ...
Validation of a New Test Meal for a Protein Digestion Breath Test in Humans
Apr 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Previously, overall protein assimilation after the ingestion of a pure protein meal was studied. In this study, the kinetics of protein assimilation in humans were investigated after the ingestion of a complex meal, which more closely represents a physiologically normal situation ....
Dietary Conjugated Linoleic Acid Positively Affects Immunologic Variables in Lactating Sows and Piglets1,2
Apr 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT We studied the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on metabolic and immunologic variables in lactating sows and piglets. Gestating sows (n = 16) were assigned to 1 of 2 weight- and parity-matched groups supplemented with 0% (C) or 0.5% (T) of a CLA preparation containing 50% CLA ...
Hepatic Steatosis Is Not Due to Impaired Fatty Acid Oxidation Capacities in C57BL/6J Mice Fed the Conjugated trans-10,cis-12-Isomer of Linoleic Acid1
Apr 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Decreased body fat mass and liver steatosis have been reported in mice fed diets containing the conjugated linoleic acid trans-10,cis-12-C18:2 (CLA2), but not in those fed diets containing cis-9,trans-11-C18:2 (CLA1). Because the decrease in fatty acid (FA) oxidation may cause fat ...
Recovery of ^sup 15^N in the Body, Urine, and Gas Phase of Piglets Infused Intravenously with ^sup 15^N L-Alanine from 12-72 Hours of Age1,2
Apr 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Previous studies of nitrogen metabolism provided evidence suggesting that nitrogen excretory product(s) not measured by standard methods of analysis escape detection. To determine whether ^sup 15^N could be recovered quantitatively in the body, urine, or expired gas, newborn piglets (n ...
A Novel Barley Cultivar (Himalaya 292) with a Specific Gene Mutation in Starch Synthase IIa Raises Large Bowel Starch and Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Rats1
Apr 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Himalaya 292 (Hordeum vulgare, var. himalaya 292) is a novel, hull-less barley cultivar with a single nucleotide change in the gene encoding starch synthase IIa (EC 2.4.1.21). This leads to loss of enzyme activity, resulting in a grain with less total starch and a higher proportion of ...
Uptake, Hydrolysis, and Metabolism of Pyridoxine-5'-[beta]-D-Glucoside in Caco-2 Cells1,2
Apr 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT An important dietary source of vitamin B-6, pyridoxine-5'-[beta]-D-glucoside (PNG), exhibits only partial bioavailability, which is limited by the extent of enzymatic cleavage of the [beta]-glucosidic bond to release metabolically available pyridoxine (PN). This laboratory showed that ...
Trans Fatty Acids in Adipose Tissue and the Food Supply Are Associated with Myocardial Infarction1,2
Apr 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Metabolic studies have clearly shown that trans fatty acids (TFAs) elevate LDL and lower HDL cholesterol. Epidemiologic studies showed a relation between TFA intake and the risk of myocardial infarction (MI), but studies examining adipose tissue TFAs have not uniformly confirmed this ....
Inclusion of Guar Gum and Alginate into a Crispy Bar Improves Postprandial Glycemia in Humans1
Apr 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT A novel induced viscosity fiber (IVF) crispy bar was formulated with the viscous dietary fibers alginate and guar gum. To evaluate the glycemic response and gastrointestinal tolerance to IVF crispy bars, nondiabetic healthy adult subjects (n = 48) were studied in a randomized, ...
Regression of Dietary Copper Restriction-Induced Cardiomyopathy by Copper Repletion in Mice1
Apr 01, 2004; ... ABSTRAC Dietary copper deficiency (CuD)3 leads to cardiac hypertrophy in various animal models. We showed recently that heart failure develops after hypertrophy in FVB mice fed a CuD diet. The present study was undertaken to determine whether CuD-induced cardiac failure is reversible upon copper ...
The Source of Long-Chain PUFA in Formula Supplements Does Not Affect the Fatty Acid Composition of Plasma Lipids in Full-Term Infants1
Apr 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Supplementation of formulas for full-term infants with long-chain (LC) PUFA [arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)] at levels resembling human milk is recommended because they provide biochemical and functional benefits to the neonate. The objective of this work was to ...
Multiple Micronutrient Supplements during Pregnancy Do Not Reduce Anemia or Improve Iron Status Compared to Iron-Only Supplements in Semirural Mexico1,2
Apr 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT The impact of iron-only supplements (FE) versus multiple micronutrient supplements containing iron (MM) during pregnancy on iron status was assessed in a subsample (n = 453) of women who participated in a randomized double-blind trial in Mexico. Compliance, monitored by observation, was ...
Plasma C-Reactive Protein and Homocysteine Concentrations Are Related to Frequent Fruit and Vegetable Intake in Hispanic and Non-Hispanic White Elders1
Apr 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) and plasma total homocysteine (Hcy) were recently identified as risk factors for cardiovascular disease. However, few studies have related fruit and vegetable consumption to these markers of inflammation and B vitamin deficiency, particularly in the ...
Maternal and Child Nutritional Supplementation Are Inversely Associated with Fasting Plasma Glucose Concentration in Young Guatemalan Adults1,2
Apr 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Cardiovascular disease and diabetes may be programmed early in life by abnormal development associated with undernutrition. We investigated whether maternal nutritional status (MNS; height, pregnancy weight gain, nonpregnant BMI, and prenatal supplementation) or childhood nutritional ...
Very Low-Carbohydrate and Low-Fat Diets Affect Fasting Lipids and Postprandial Lipemia Differently in Overweight Men1
Apr 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Hypoenergetic very low-carbohydrate and low-fat diets are both commonly used for short-term weight loss; however, few studies have directly compared their effect on blood lipids, with no studies to our knowledge comparing postprandial lipemia, an important independently identified ...
The Prevention of Colon Carcinogenesis in Rats by Dietary Cellulose Is Greater than the Promotive Effect of Dietary Lard as Assessed by Repeated Endoscopic Observation
Apr 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT We developed a method which we used in the current study to observe the rat colon endoscopically. Our goal was to evaluate the entire course in the development of experimental large bowel tumors through serial observations in the same rat. We compared the effects of dietary lard and ...
Consumption of Foods Rich in Flavonoids Is Related to a Decreased Cardiovascular Risk in Apparently Healthy French Women1
Apr 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT A high consumption of flavonoids may lower cardiovascular risk through their antioxidant capacity. This study evaluated the relation between consumption of foods rich in flavonoids and estimated cardiovascular risk. A cross-sectional analysis was performed in 1286 women and 1005 men of ...
Foreword
Apr 01, 2004; ... This supplement contains proceedings from a symposium: "The Emerging Role of Dairy Proteins and Bioactive Peptides in Nutrition and Health" held on May 7, 2003 in Kansas City, MO. The symposium was sponsored by the National Dairy Council (a dairy-producer-run organization representing dairy ...
Antitumor Effects of Various Low-Molecular-Weight Chitosans Are Due to Increased Natural Killer Activity of Intestinal Intraepithelial Lymphocytes in Sarcoma 180-Bearing Mice1
Apr 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Various low-molecular-weight chitosans such as the 21-kDa, 46-kDa, and 120-kDa chitosans obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of a high-molecular-weight chitosan (average molecular weight, 650 kDa) had low viscosity and were water soluble. We examined the antitumor activity of various ...
Dietary [alpha]-Linolenic Acid Is Associated with Reduced Risk of Fatal Coronary Heart Disease, but Increased Prostate Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis1,2
Apr 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this meta-analysis was to estimate quantitatively the associations between intake of [alpha]-linolenic acid [ALA, the (n-3) fatty acid in vegetable oils], mortality from heart disease, and the occurrence of prostate cancer in observational studies. We identified 5 ...
Dietary Saturated Fat Reduces Alcoholic Hepatotoxicity in Rats by Altering Fatty Acid Metabolism and Membrane Composition1,2
Apr 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Rats fed a saturated fat diet are protected from experimentally induced alcoholic liver disease, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain in dispute. We fed male Sprague-Dawley rats intragastrically by total enteral nutrition using diets with or without ethanol. In ...
Dietary Protein Impact on Glycemic Control during Weight Loss1
Apr 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Diets with higher protein (1.5 g . kg^sup -1^ . d^sup -1^) and reduced carbohydrates (120 to 200 g/d) appear to enhance weight loss due to a higher loss of body fat and reduced loss of lean body mass. While studies of prolonged use of moderate protein diets are not available, short-term ...
Hypotensive Peptides from Milk Proteins1,2
Apr 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Hypertension is the major controllable risk factor associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) events such as myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, and end-stage diabetes. A 5 mm Hg decrease in blood pressure has been equated with ~16% decrease in CVD. In the U.S. alone current ...
Reasonable Estimates of Serum Vitamin E, Vitamin C, and [beta]-Cryptoxanthin Are Obtained with a Food Frequency Questionnaire in Older Black and White Adults1
Apr 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Few studies provide correlations between different indicators of the dietary intakes of older (> or =65 y) black and white adults. This study compared the usual intakes of vitamin E, vitamin C, and selected carotenoids estimated by a modified Harvard food frequency questionnaire ...
Dietary Sodium Gluconate Protects Rats from Large Bowel Cancer by Stimulating Butyrate Production
Apr 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Butyrate has an antitumorigenic effect on colorectal cancer cell lines. Dietary sodium gluconate (GNA) promotes butyrate production in the large intestine. Accordingly, we examined the effect of dietary GNA on tumorigenesis in the large intestine in rats. Male Fisher-344 rats (n = 32) ...
Manufacture and Use of Dairy Protein Fractions1,2
Apr 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Fractionation of the mixture of proteins found in milk and whey to form pure, individual dairy protein fractions might allow individuals with special nutritional needs to tailor their diet to improve health. Ion exchange process chromatography was examined for this purpose using ...
Food-Based Dietary Guidelines Can Be Developed and Tested Using Linear Programming Analysis
Apr 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Effective food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) are required to combat micronutrient deficiencies. This study aimed to develop a rigorous approach for designing population-specific FBDGs. A 4-phase approach based on linear programming analysis was used to design, test, and refine the ...
Understanding Milk's Bioactive Components: A Goal for the Genomics Toolbox1
Apr 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT The challenges to food research are to propel foods beyond the successes of safety, convenience, and inclusion of all the essential nutrients, and to build the knowledge of genetics, metabolism, and biomolecules necessary for developing foods that deliver optimal health to each ...
Dietary Proteins in the Regulation of Food Intake and Body Weight in Humans1
Apr 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT This review presents 4 lines of evidence supporting a role for proteins in the regulation of food intake and maintenance of healthy body weights. It is concluded that the protein content of food, and perhaps its source, is a strong determinant of short-term satiety and of how much food ...
Bioactive Properties of Milk Proteins with Particular Focus on Anticariogenesis1
Apr 01, 2004; ... ABSTRACT Beyond nutrition, there is an increasing amount of data and information to demonstrate a bioactive role for dairy components in adults including a role in prevention of dental caries. Specifically, the casein fraction and hydrolysates thereof have been the focus of researchers ...