The Journal of Nutrition back issues from October 2005:
Cocoa-Related Flavonoids Inhibit CFTR-Mediated Chloride Transport across T84 Human Colon Epithelia1
Oct 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Cocoa beans have historically been used as a treatment for diarrhea, leading us to hypothesize that polyphenols contained in cocoa inhibit intestinal Cl^sup -^ secretion. In this study, the dose-dependent effects of flavonoid compounds present in cocoa, or molecularly closely ...
Aquaporin-8 Is Involved in Water Transport in Isolated Superficial Colonocytes from Rat Proximal Colon1,2
Oct 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Water is an essential nutrient because it must be introduced from exogenous sources to satisfy metabolic demand. Under physiologic conditions, the colon can absorb and secrete considerable amounts of water even against osmotic gradients, thus helping to maintain the body fluid ...
Biotinylation of K12 in Histone H4 Decreases in Response to DNA Double-Strand Breaks in Human JAr Choriocarcinoma Cells1,2
Oct 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT We tested the hypothesis that biotinylation of K12 in histone H4 plays a role in the cellular response to double-strand breaks (DSB) of DNA in human cells. DSB were caused by treating choriocarcinoma JAr cells with etoposide. Biotinylation of K12 in histone H4 decreased by 50% ...
Vitamin D Deficiency Enhances the Growth of MC-26 Colon Cancer Xenografts in Balb/c Mice1,2
Oct 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with increased risk of colon cancer in epidemiologic and prospective clinical studies. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25(OH)^sub 2^D^sub 3^] and its analogs inhibit colon cancer cell ...
Human Fecal Water Inhibits COX-2 in Colonic HT-29 Cells: Role of Phenolic Compounds1
Oct 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT The inducible enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) plays a major role in the regulation of inflammation and possibly in the development of colon cancer. The aim of the present study was to screen for COX-2 inhibitors in samples of fecal water (the aqueous phase of feces) and ...
Dietary Rapeseed Oil Affects the Expression of Genes Involved in Hepatic Lipid Metabolism in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.)1,2
Oct 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Supplies of marine fish oils (FO) are limited, and sustainable production in aquaculture dictates that alternatives that do not compromise fish health and product quality, such as vegetable oils, must be found. Nutrigenomics will increase our understanding of how nutrition ...
Calcium Supplementation Does Not Augment Bone Gain in Young Women Consuming Diets Moderately Low in Calcium1
Oct 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT In earlier observational work, the dietary calcium:protein ratio was directly related to bone accrual in healthy postadolescent women. In this study, we sought to test the hypothesis that augmented calcium intake would increase postadolescent skeletal consolidation, using a ...
Supplementing Copper at the Upper Level of the Adult Dietary Recommended Intake Induces Detectable but Transient Changes in Healthy Adults1
Oct 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT The health consequences of mild copper excess in humans are unknown. In a previous study, 2 mo of supplementation with up to 6 mg Cu/L in drinking water did not induce detectable changes. Here we assessed a copper supplement at the upper level of dietary recommendations for ...
Calcium Bioavailability of Calcium Carbonate Fortified Soymilk Is Equivalent to Cow's Milk in Young Women1,2
Oct 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Calcium (Ca)-fortified soymilk has gained popularity in the United States. Tricalcium phosphate (TCP)-fortified soymilk was shown to have a lower Ca bioavailability than cow's milk in men. However, the most popular soymilk in the U.S. is fortified with Ca carbonate (CC) and has ...
Long-Term Consumption of a Raw Food Diet Is Associated with Favorable Serum LDL Cholesterol and Triglycerides but Also with Elevated Plasma Homocysteine and Low Serum HDL Cholesterol in Humans1,2
Oct 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT High consumption of vegetables and fruits is associated with reduced risk for cardiovascular disease. However, little information is available about diets based predominantly on consumption of fruits and their health consequences. We investigated the effects of an extremely high ...
Boron Concentrations in Milk from Mothers of Exclusively Breast-Fed Healthy Full-Term Infants Are Stable during the First Four Months of Lactation1,2
Oct 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Because boron is a bioactive element that satisfies several of the criteria for essentiality in humans, the aim of the present work was to determine the profile of boron metabolism in human milk during the first 4 mo of lactation. The concentration of boron and other minerals ...
Reduced Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load Diets Do Not Increase the Effects of Energy Restriction on Weight Loss and Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Men and Women1,2
Oct 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Reducing the dietary glycemic load and the glycemic index was proposed as a novel approach to weight reduction. A parallel-design, randomized 12-wk controlled feeding trial with a 24-wk follow-up phase was conducted to test the hypothesis that a hypocaloric diet designed to ...
Endotoxin Increases Ascorbate Recycling and Concentration in Mouse Liver1
Oct 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Sublethal exposure to Escherichia coli endotoxin [lipopolysaccharide (LPS)] attenuates the lethal effects of subsequent insults associated with oxidative stress, such as higher LPS dose, septic peritonitis, and ischemia. Because administration of the antioxidant ascorbate ...
A Pilot School-Based Healthy Eating and Physical Activity Intervention Improves Diet, Food Knowledge, and Self-Efficacy for Native Canadian Children1,2
Oct 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT The Sandy Lake school-based diabetes prevention program is a culturally appropriate intervention for Ojibway-Cree students in the 3rd, 4th, and 5th grades. This paper reports the results of the program in changing dietary intake behaviors and related psychosocial factors ....
A Novel Protein C-Phycocyanin Plays a Crucial Role in the Hypocholesterolemic Action of Spirulina platensis Concentrate in Rats
Oct 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT This study was designed to clarify the mechanisms of the hypocholesterolemic action of Spirulina platensis concentrate (SPC) and identify the novel hypocholesterolemic protein derived from SPC. We investigated the effects of casein or SPC on the solubility of cholesterol, ...
Antiatherogenic Effects of Dietary Plant Sterols Are Associated with Inhibition of Proinflammatory Cytokine Production in Apo E-KO Mice1,2
Oct 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Dietary phytosterols significantly reduce atherosclerosis in apo E-deficient mice. Because atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease, we investigated whether the antiatherogenic effects of phytosterols are associated with reductions in proinflammatory cytokine production ...
Crystalline Cellulose Reduces Plasma Glucose Concentrations and Stimulates Water Absorption by Increasing the Digesta Viscosity in Rats1,2
Oct 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Although cellulose is generally considered not to affect the viscosity of the digesta in the upper gastrointestinal tract, we found previously that the ingestion of cellulose elevated the viscosity of the gastric, small intestinal, and cecal contents when particulate matter was ...
MTHFR Variants Reduce the Risk of G:C[arrow right]A:T Transition Mutations within the p53 Tumor Suppressor Gene in Colon Tumors1
Oct 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT 5,10-Methylene-tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is a key enzyme in folate-mediated 1-carbon metabolism. Reduced MTHFR activity has been associated with genomic DNA hypomethylation. Methylated cytosines at CpG sites are easily mutated and have been implicated in G:C[arrow ...
Aglycones and Sugar Moieties Alter Anthocyanin Absorption and Metabolism after Berry Consumption in Weanling Pigs1,2
Oct 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT To investigate the absorption and metabolism of anthocyanins (ACNs) with different aglycones and sugar moieties, weanling pigs (11.4 ± 3.8 kg) were fed, in a single meal, a freeze-dried powder of chokeberry, black currant, or elderberry at a single dose of 229, 140, or 228 µmol ...
Stimulation of the Immune Response in B6C3F1 Mice by Genistein Is Affected by Exposure Duration, Gender, and Litter Order1
Oct 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine whether immune responses could be differentially modulated by the phytoestrogen genistein (GEN) in mice from the 1st and 2nd litters, and whether the effects were persistent or reversible. B6C3F1 mice were exposed to a control or ...
Middle-Aged and Older Chinese Men and Women in Singapore Who Smoke Have Less Healthy Diets and Lifestyles than Nonsmokers1
Oct 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Although studies in Western populations have shown that smokers have decreased dietary intakes of antioxidants and other health-related nutrients, this has not been established in oriental populations. This study aimed to identify differences in dietary and lifestyle ...
Interventions Designed to Increase Adult Fruit and Vegetable Intake Can Be Effective: A Systematic Review of the Literature1-3
Oct 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT International recommendations advise increasing intakes of fruit and vegetables to help reduce the burden of chronic diseases worldwide. This project systematically reviewed evidence on the effectiveness of interventions and programs promoting fruit and/or vegetable intake in ...
Erratum
Oct 01, 2005; ... Kabagambe EK, Furtado J, Baylin A, Campos H. Some Dietary and Adipose Tissue Carotenoids Are Associated with the Risk of Nonfatal Acute Myocardial Infarction in Costa Rica. J. Nutr. 2005;135:1763-9. In Table 3, page 1767, the units ...
Human and Bovine Milk Oligosaccharides Inhibit Neisseria meningitidis Pili Attachment In Vitro1
Oct 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Milk oligosaccharides have been shown to interfere with adhesion of many pathogens to host mucosal surfaces. Characterization of the adhesion mechanisms of the bacteria to host cell surface is needed to develop novel functional food, infant formulas, and anti-infective drugs ....
Small Intestinal Mucins Are Secreted in Proportion to the Settling Volume in Water of Dietary Indigestible Components in Rats
Oct 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to clarify the effect of dietary indigestible components on small intestinal mucin secretion. We prepared polystyrene foam (PSF) with different expansion ratios (PSF-30, -60 and -90) in which powders had different settling volumes in water (SV). Rats ...
Maternal Vitamin E Supplementation Affects the Antioxidant Capability and Oxidative Status of Hatching Chicks1
Oct 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT The effects of maternal vitamin E supplementation on the antioxidant status of chicks were investigated. Female breeder chicks were fed corn-soybean growing diets without supplemental vitamin E for a 17-wk developmental period. After 17 wk, the birds were randomly assigned to 5 ...
Revisiting the Independent Effects of Income on the Risk of Obesity
Oct 01, 2005; ... Dear Editor: We are writing in reference to the article by C. A. Monteiro et al. published in 2001 (1). Monteiro and associates conducted a secondary analysis of the 1996-1997 World Bank Living Standards Measurement Survey carried out in the Northeast and Southeast regions of Brazil ....
Vitamin D Intakes by Children and Adults in the United States Differ among Ethnic Groups1
Oct 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Concerns about vitamin D status in the United States have resurfaced due to increasing reports of insufficiency and deficiency. Few foods contain vitamin D naturally, and currently few foods are fortified in the United States. Intakes of vitamin D in the United States from food ...
Announcements
Oct 01, 2005; ... December 8-10, 2005. 3rd Cachexia Conference. Rome, Italy. Abstract deadline: September 15, 2005. For information contact: Prof. Filippo Rossi Fanelli at E-mail: filippo.rossifanelli@uniromal.it; Web: www.cachexia.org. March 20-21, 2006. Transcriptomics, Proteomics and ...
New Roles for an Old Selenoenzyme: Evidence from Glutathione Peroxidase-1 Null and Overexpressing Mice1,2
Oct 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Cellular glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPX1) is the first identified and the most abundant selenoprotein in mammals. Although GPX1 has been widely considered to be a major antioxidant enzyme, there has been no direct evidence for such role in vivo until GPX1 transgenic and null mice ...
Cardioprotective Effects of Dietary Polyphenols1
Oct 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Dietary polyphenols have been shown to possess cardioprotective effects. For example, the most noted role of grape polyphenols is in the French Paradox, in which a diet high in saturated fat accompanied by regular consumption of red wine is associated with a low risk of coronary ...
Retinoic Acid Supplementation Attenuates Ventricular Remodeling after Myocardial Infarction in Rats1-3
Oct 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of retinoic acid in experimental postinfarction myocardial remodeling. Wistar rats were subjected to myocardial infarction (MI) and treated with retinoic acid (RA), 0.3 mg/(kg . d) (MI-RA, n = 29), or fed a control diet (MI, n ...
Carotenoid Transport Is Decreased and Expression of the Lipid Transporters SR-BI, NPC1L1, and ABCA1 Is Downregulated in Caco-2 Cells Treated with Ezetimibe1,2
Oct 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Data suggest that intestinal carotenoid absorption is a facilitated process. The present study was conducted to determine whether carotenoids and cholesterol share common pathways (transporters) for their intestinal absorption. Differentiated Caco-2 cells on membranes were ...
A Diet Supplemented with Husks of Plantago ovata Reduces the Development of Endothelial Dysfunction, Hypertension, and Obesity by Affecting Adiponectin and TNF-[alpha] in Obese Zucker Rats1
Oct 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to analyze whether consumption of a fiber-supplemented diet containing 3.5% Plantago ovata husks prevented many of the abnormalities clustered in the metabolic syndrome, including obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension and endothelial dysfunction ....
Fatty Acids Induce L-CPT I Gene Expression through a PPAR[alpha]-Independent Mechanism in Rat Hepatoma Cells
Oct 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Liver carnitine palmitoyl transferase (L-CPT) I is a key regulatory enzyme of long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) oxidation that ensures the first step of LCFA import into the mitochondrial matrix. In rat hepatocytes, we showed previously that L-CPT I gene expression was induced by ...
Tobacco Use and Associations of [beta]-Carotene and Vitamin Intakes with Colorectal Adenoma Risk1,2
Oct 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT The effects of vitamins and β-carotene on the risk of colorectal adenomas have not been fully investigated. Recent data suggest that smoking could modulate the effect of β-carotene supplements on adenoma recurrence. We investigated the effect of dietary vitamins and ...
Quercetin Decreases Oxidative Stress, NF-[kappa]B Activation, and iNOS Overexpression in Liver of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats
Oct 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Increasing evidence in both experimental and clinical studies suggests that oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis and progression of diabetic tissue damage. This study investigated the protective effects of quercetin treatment on oxidative stress, nuclear factor ...