The Journal of Nutrition back issues from November 2005:
Breast-Feeding Influences Cognitive Development in Filipino Children1
Nov 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT The importance of breast-feeding (BF) for cognitive development has been researched widely over the past several decades. Although scholars agree that children who breast-feed are generally more intelligent, it is uncertain whether this advantage is due to BF effects or to other ...
Season and Ethnicity Are Determinants of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations in New Zealand Children Aged 5-14 y1,2
Nov 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT New Zealand children, particularly those of Maori and Pacific ethnicity, may be at risk for low vitamin D status because of low vitamin D intakes, the country's latitude (35-46°S), and skin color. The aim of this study was to determine 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and ...
Comparative Aspects of Lipid Metabolism: Impact on Contemporary Research and Use of Animal Models1
Nov 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT The emerging obesity crisis and consequent concerns for corrective measures and appropriate public policy have stimulated research into causes, prevention, remediation, and health consequences of obesity and associated maladies. Such research areas include eating behavior, ...
Fatty Acid Regulation of Hepatic Gene Transcription1,2
Nov 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Dietary fat regulates gene expression by controlling the activity or abundance of key transcription factors. In vitro binding and cell culture studies have identified many transcription factors as prospective targets for fatty acid regulation, including peroxisome ...
Megalin-Mediated Reuptake of Retinol in the Kidneys of Mice Is Essential for Vitamin A Homeostasis1,2
Nov 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT The reuptake of retinol (ROH) and retinol-binding protein (RBP) in the kidneys is mediated by the endocytic receptor megalin, suggesting an important role for this receptor in vitamin A (VA) metabolism. We examined the extent to which megalin deficiency may affect urinary ROH ...
Astaxanthin Diminishes Gap Junctional Intercellular Communication in Primary Human Fibroblasts1
Nov 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Astaxanthin is a carotenoid found in plants and algae; it provides the color of marine seafood such as salmon, lobster, or shrimp. Carotenoids are antioxidants and exhibit other biological functions, including effects on gap junctional communication important for homeostasis, ...
Selenium Bioavailability from Buckwheat Bran in Rats Fed a Modified AIN-93G Torula Yeast-Based Diet1,2
Nov 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Selenium (Se) is an essential nutrient for humans and animals. The Se RDA for adult humans is 55 µg/d; however, dietary amounts as high as 200 µg/d in the highly available form of selenomethionine in yeast were shown to reduce the incidence of certain cancers. A number of ...
Novel Lycopene Metabolites Are Detectable in Plasma of Preruminant Calves after Lycopene Supplementation1,2
Nov 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Appropriate animal models such as preruminant calves are necessary to study the complex physiological functions of carotenoids and to relate them to possible health effects in humans. In this study, the bioavailability and metabolism of lycopene from 2 dietary supplements were ...
Proteomic Analysis Reveals Changes in the Liver Protein Pattern of Rats Exposed to Dietary Folate Deficiency1
Nov 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Epidemiologic and experimental studies showed that folate deficiency is associated with increased risk of degenerative diseases by enhancing abnormal one-carbon metabolism. We studied the changes in the proteome of liver, the main tissue of folate storage and metabolism, in a ...
Reduced Adiposity in Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia)-Fed Rats Is Associated with Increased Lipid Oxidative Enzyme Activities and Uncoupling Protein Expression1
Nov 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT To further explore the antiobesity effect of freeze-dried bitter melon (BM) juice, activities of mitochondrial lipid oxidative enzymes as well as the expression of uncoupling proteins and their transcription coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ ...
Quantitative Analysis of the Benefits and Risks of Consuming Farmed and Wild Salmon1
Nov 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Contaminants in farmed Atlantic and wild Pacific salmon raise important questions about the competing health benefits and risks of fish consumption. A benefit-risk analysis was conducted to compare quantitatively the cancer and noncancer risks of exposure to organic contaminants ...
Murine Antigen-Presenting Cells Are Multifunctional In Vitro Biosensors for Detecting the Immunoactive Potential of Bovine Milk Products1
Nov 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) are multifunctional components of the immune defense system. In this study, murine APCs were used as biosensors to detect immunologically active components of bovine milk and colostrum. By measuring changes in cell surface protein markers [major ...
The Apolipoprotein E Gene Promoter (-219G/T) Polymorphism Determines Insulin Sensitivity in Response to Dietary Fat in Healthy Young Adults1
Nov 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Insulin sensitivity (IS) is determined by genetic and environmental factors, including diet. The apoE gene promoter -219G/T polymorphism is associated with coronary heart disease and increased postprandial triacylglycerol-rich lipoprotein concentration, circumstances related to ...
Scurvy Leads to Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Apoptosis in the Liver of Guinea Pigs1
Nov 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Insufficient ascorbate intake causes scurvy in certain species. Beyond its known functions, it has been suggested that ascorbate participates in oxidative protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Because redox imbalance in this organelle might cause ER stress and ...
Iron Status and Risk of Cancers in the SU.VI.MAX Cohort1
Nov 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relation between iron status and cancer in a population of middle-aged adults living in France where iron supplementation and iron-fortified foods are rarely used. The SU.VI.MAX study is a randomized, double-blind, ...
Vegetables Affect the Expression of Genes Involved in Carcinogenic and Anticarcinogenic Processes in the Lungs of Female C57Bl/6 Mice1
Nov 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Worldwide, lung cancer is the most prevalent and lethal malignant disease. In addition to avoidance of the most predominant risk factor, i.e., tobacco use, consumption of high amounts of vegetables and fruits could be an effective means of preventing lung cancer. However, the ...
Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Upregulate LDL Receptor Protein Expression in Fibroblasts and HepG2 Cells
Nov 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of individual PUFAs on LDL receptor (LDLr) expression in human fibroblasts and HepG2 cells, and to evaluate whether acyl CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1) ...
The Type of Oil Used for Cooking Is Associated with the Risk of Nonfatal Acute Myocardial Infarction in Costa Rica1,2
Nov 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Palm oil and soybean oil are the 2 most widely used cooking oils in the world. Palm oil is consumed mainly in developing countries, where morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular disease (CVD) are on the rise. Although claims about adverse or protective effects of these ...
Nutrigenetics in Cancer Research-Folate Metabolism and Colorectal Cancer1,2
Nov 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT The B vitamin folate is essential for one-carbon transfer reactions, including those related to the methylation of DNA or other substrates and nucleotide synthesis. Epidemiologic and experimental studies implicate low-folate intakes in elevated risk of colorectal neoplasia and ...
Dietary Components Modify Gene Expression: Implications for Carcinogenesis1
Nov 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Mouse genetic models that probe important pathways in intestinal cell maturation, such as cell-cycle regulation, apoptosis, and, especially, lineage specific differentiation, have provided profound insight into the underlying mechanisms of intestinal tumor formation and ...
Arachidonic Acid Predominates in the Membrane Phosphoglycerides of the Early and Term Human Placenta1,2
Nov 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to determine whether the high concentration of arachidonic acid (AA) in term placentae accumulates during pregnancy or is an inherent characteristic of placental lipids. We investigated the lipid content and fatty acid composition of the human placental ...
Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I (IGF-I) Attenuates Jejunal Atrophy in Association with Increased Expression of IGF-I Binding Protein-5 in Parenterally Fed Mice1
Nov 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) induces dramatic mucosal hypoplasia in rat small intestine that is attenuated by insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I). Our aim was to determine the extent of TPN-induced intestinal atrophy and its response to infusion of IGF-I in mice. Male ...
Iron Deficiency Anemia and Depleted Body Iron Reserves Are Prevalent among Pregnant African-American Adolescents1
Nov 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Anemia is prevalent among pregnant adolescents, but few data exist on biochemical indicators of iron status in this group. We hypothesized that among an at-risk population of African-American, pregnant adolescents, the degree of iron depletion and deficiency would be marked, and ...
Calcium Absorption from Corn Tortilla Is Relatively High and Is Dependent upon Calcium Content and Liming in Mexican Women
Nov 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Corn tortillas are the staple food of Mexico. During their preparation, calcium is added to the tortillas; therefore, tortillas are the main source of calcium for a large proportion of the population. The bioavailability of calcium from lime-treated tortillas in humans is not ...
Exfoliated Colonic Epithelial Cells: Surrogate Targets for Evaluation of Bioactive Food Components in Cancer Prevention1,2
Nov 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT There is significant evidence supporting the hypotheses that lifestyle, diet, and bioactive components in foods are important modifiers of cancer risk. However, our ability to assess host response noninvasively is limited. To overcome this, we have developed a technology to ...
The Influence of Vitamin D on Bone Health Across the Life Cycle1-3
Nov 01, 2005; ... Vitamin D is often looked upon only as that fat-soluble vitamin found in cod liver oil, fatty fish (salmon, mackerel), fortified milk, and fortified breads and cereals, and which is associated with sun exposure and preventing rickets in children. However, in the Nutrition and Bone Health Working ...
Anthocyanins Exist in the Circulation Primarily as Metabolites in Adult Men1
Nov 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Anthocyanins are reported to have many "health promoting" properties; however, despite numerous reports of their bioactivities, their absorption and metabolism in humans are poorly understood. The objective of this research was to detail the pharmacokinetic parameters of ...
The Use of NaFeEDTA-Fortified Fish Sauce Is an Effective Tool for Controlling Iron Deficiency in Women of Childbearing Age in Rural Vietnam1,2
Nov 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT One cost-effective strategy for controlling iron deficiency is the fortification of staple foods or condiments with iron. We evaluated the effectiveness of fortifying fish sauce with NaFeEDTA for improving iron status in women of childbearing age in Vietnam in a double-blind ...
Dietary (n-3) Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Prevent Sucrose-Induced Insulin Resistance in Rats1
Nov 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT This study was designed to determine the effect of substituting (n-3) long-chain PUFAs (LCPUFAs) for linoleic acid and hence decreasing the (n-6):(n-3) fatty acid ratio on sucrose-induced insulin resistance in rats. Weanling male Wistar rats were fed casein-based diets ...
Vitamin D, Parathyroid Hormone, and Bone Mass in Adolescents1-4
Nov 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT This article provides a review of the evidence identifying the factors related to vitamin D status in adolescents. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency based on 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] of <25 nmol/L ranges from 0 to 32% depending on the season measured and the ...
The Contribution of Body Protein to the Supply of Energy in Starved Newborn Piglets Is Not Preferentially Suppressed by Intravenous Provision of Glucose and Fat1,2
Nov 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Newborn piglets were used to study body protein preservation because it is critical to the survival of premature infants. Quantitative estimates of endogenous fuel use were obtained from 12 to 72 h of age in male piglets. Of the 40 piglets used (1300 ± 205 g, mean ± SD), 16 ...
Nutritional Status Predicts Primary Subclasses of T Cells and the Lymphocyte Proliferation Response in Healthy Older Women1
Nov 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Aging is often associated with a dysregulation in immune function, particularly in T-cell responses, even in the healthy elderly. Adequate nutrition is important for optimal immune function. The literature on the relation of nutritional status with immune function in the elderly ...
The Intestinal Trophic Response to Enteral Food Is Reduced in Parenterally Fed Preterm Pigs and Is Associated with More Nitrergic Neurons1,2
Nov 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT In term neonates, total parenteral nutrition (TPN) induces mucosal atrophy, whereas the first intake of milk is followed by intestinal growth. This may be explained in part by an NO-mediated increased blood flow. We hypothesized that the immature gut has an altered response to ...
Vitamin A Supplementation Does Not Affect Infants' Immune Responses to Polio and Tetanus Vaccines1
Nov 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT It has been suggested that administering vitamin A with the measles vaccine may reduce the vaccine's immunogenicity. This trial examined the effect of supplementing vitamin A during the early months of life on infants' immune responses to tetanus and polio vaccines. Young ...
Polymorphisms in the CYP19 Gene May Affect the Positive Correlations between Serum and Urine Phytoestrogen Metabolites and Plasma Androgen Concentrations in Men1
Nov 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Phytoestrogens have been hypothesized to protect against prostate cancer via modulation of circulating androgen concentrations. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 267 men in the Norfolk arm of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort ...
Nutritional "Omics" Technologies for Elucidating the Role(s) of Bioactive Food Components in Colon Cancer Prevention1
Nov 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Evidence continues to implicate dietary components and genetic susceptibilities as important determinants of cancer risk and tumor behavior. Variation in cancer incidence among and within populations with similar dietary patterns suggests that an individual's response may ...
Nutritional Epigenetics: Impact of Folate Deficiency on DNA Methylation and Colon Cancer Susceptibility1,2
Nov 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT The inheritance of information based on gene expression levels is known as epigenetics, as opposed to genetics, which refers to information transmitted on the basis of gene sequence. In contrast to genetic changes observed in cancer, epigenetic changes are gradual in onset and ...
New Nutrition, Proteomics, and How Both Can Enhance Studies in Cancer Prevention and Therapy1
Nov 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT The increased application of MS technologies to nutrition and cancer prevention research has enabled unique insights into the health benefits of polyphenols. Polyphenols are phytochemicals that appear to have chemical properties that provide valuable health benefits when ...
Announcements
Nov 01, 2005; ... December 8-10, 2005. 3rd Cachexia Conference. Rome, Italy. Abstract deadline: September 15, 2005. For information contact: Prof. Filippo Rossi Fanelli at E-mail: filippo.rossifanelli@uniromal.it; Web: www.cachexia.org. March 20-21, 2006. Transcriptomics, Proteomics and ...
Developmental Origins of Osteoporotic Fracture: the Role of Maternal Vitamin D Insufficiency1-4
Nov 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Osteoporosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality through its association with age-related fractures. Although most efforts in fracture prevention have been directed at retarding the rate of age-related bone loss and reducing the frequency and the severity of trauma among ...
The Vitamin D Epidemic and its Health Consequences1-4
Nov 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Vitamin D deficiency is now recognized as an epidemic in the United States. The major source of vitamin D for both children and adults is from sensible sun exposure. In the absence of sun exposure 1000 IU of cholecalciferol is required daily for both children and adults. Vitamin ...
Garlic Organosulfur Compounds Upregulate the Expression of the Class of Glutathione S-Transferase in Rat Primary Hepatocytes1
Nov 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT The chemopreventive property of garlic is related in part to its induction of phase II detoxification enzymes. In the present study, we investigated the modulatory effect of 3 garlic organosulfur compounds, i.e., diallyl sulfide (DAS), diallyl disulfide (DADS), and diallyl ...
Daidzein-Sulfate Metabolites Affect Transcriptional and Antiproliferative Activities of Estrogen Receptor in Cultured Human Cancer Cells1
Nov 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT Daidzein (D), a soy isoflavone, is almost completely metabolized in the gut and liver. This biotransformation converts D to more water-soluble products and may affect its biological activity. The ability of daidzein metabolites to modulate 17β-estradiol (E2)-sensitive gene ...
Twice the Amount of [alpha]-Carotene Isolated from Carrots Is as Effective as Carotene in Maintaining the Vitamin A Status of Mongolian Gerbils1,2
Nov 01, 2005; ... ABSTRACT The vitamin A (VA) value of carotenoids from fruits and vegetables is affected by many factors. This study determined the VA value of α-carotene isolated from carrots compared with β-carotene and retinyl acetate supplements fed to Mongolian gerbils (Meriones ...