The Journal of Nutrition back issues from April 2007:
The Work of Wallace Aykroyd: International Nutritionist and Author
Apr 01, 2007; ... Wallace Ruddell Aykroyd (1899-1979) had an English hither, whose business was in Ireland, and an Irish mother. He attended hiph school in Hngland as a hoarder and then joined the Royal Air Force. Alter the end of World War 1 he returned to Ireland for medical studies at Trinity College, Dublin ...
Acculturation and Biomarkers for Type 2 Diabetes in Latinos
Apr 01, 2007; ... In their review, Pérez-Escamilla and Putnik address the complexity between different levels of acculturation and the influence on nutrition, obesity, and other lifestyle factors, which consequently modulate the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Latinos (1). One would expect that several of the ...
Dietary (n-3) Fatty Acids and Brain Development1,2
Apr 01, 2007; ... Abstract The (n-3) fatty acids are essential dietary nutrients, and one of their important roles is providing docosahexaenoic acid [22:6(n-3)] (DHA) for growth and function of nervous tissue. Reduced DHA is associated with impairments in cognitive and behavioral performance, effects ...
The Role of Acculturation in Nutrition, Lifestyle, and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes among Latinos1
Apr 01, 2007; ... Abstract Latinos have become the largest ethnic minority group in the U.S. and will become 25% of the population by 2050. The purpose of this critical review is to examine the influence of acculturation on type 2 diabetes and corresponding risk factors, including 1) dietary intake, 2) ...
GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1, and GSTA1 Polymorphisms and Urinary Isothiocyanate Metabolites following Broccoli Consumption in Humans1
Apr 01, 2007; ... Abstract Isothiocyanates (ITC) are potentially anticarcinogenic phytochemicals formed from the metabolism of glucosinolates and are found in cruciferous vegetables as well as a select number of other foods. ITC are both substrates for and inducers of glutathione S-transferase (GST) phase ...
UGT1A1 Polymorphism Is Associated with Serum Bilirubin Concentrations in a Randomized, Controlled, Fruit and Vegetable Feeding Trial1
Apr 01, 2007; ... Abstract UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A1 glucuronidates bilirubin, estrogens, and exogenous compounds, including dietary carcinogens. The UGT1A1*28 polymorphism, characterized by variation in the number of thymine-adenine repeats in the promoter region, modulates UGT1A1 ...
Exogenous Nucleosides Modulate Proliferation of Rat Intestinal Epithelial IEC-6 Cells1,2
Apr 01, 2007; ... Abstract Exogenous nucleotides are considered semiessential nutritional components that play an important role in intestinal development, maintenance, and recovery from tissue damage. Nucleosides (NS) are the best-absorbed chemical form of nucleotides in the intestinal epithelium. The ...
Ontogeny of Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase I Activity, Carnitine-K^sub m^, and mRNA Abundance in Pigs throughout Growth and Development1,2
Apr 01, 2007; ... Abstract Carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) I catalyzes an important regulatory step in lipid metabolism; however, no studies, to our knowledge, have evaluated the molecular and kinetic [maximal velocity and Michaelis constant (K^sub m^) for carnitinel ontogeny of CPT I and prevailing ...
Associations of Total, Dairy, and Meat Protein with Markers for Bone Turnover in Healthy, Prepubertal Boys1
Apr 01, 2007; ... Abstract We previously reported that high intake of milk, but not meat, equal in protein content, increased serum insulin-like growth factor-I (sIGF-I) in prepubertal boys. sIGF-I plays a key role in bone metabolism. Therefore, the aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate ...
Susceptibility to Heat Stress and Aberrant Gene Expression Patterns in Holocarboxylase Synthetase-Deficient Drosophila melanogaster Are Caused by Decreased Biotinylation of Histones, Not of Carboxylases1,2
Apr 01, 2007; ... Abstract Previously, we discovered that holocarboxylase synthetase (HCS) is a chromatin-associated protein in Drosophila melanogaster and that HCS deficiency alters chromatin structure and gene expression patterns, leading to decreased heat tolerance. The effects of HCS deficiency were ...
Whole-Grain and Refined Wheat Flours Show Distinct Metabolic Profiles in Rats as Assessed by a ^sup 1^H NMR-Based Metabonomic Approach1
Apr 01, 2007; ... Abstract The protection against diabetes and cardiovascular disease provided by whole-grain cereal consumption has been attributed to the fiber and micronutrients present in the bran. But exactly how this occurs remains unclear due to both diversity of bran constituents and the ...
Quercetin and Isorhamnetin Prevent Endothelial Dysfunction, Superoxide Production, and Overexpression of p47^sup phox^ Induced by Angiotensin II in Rat Aorta1
Apr 01, 2007; ... Abstract The dietary flavonoid quercetin reduces blood pressure and improves endothelial function in several rat models of hypertension. We analyzed the effects of quercetin and its methylated metabolite isorhamnetin on the aortic endothelial dysfunction induced by incubation with ...
A High-Fat Meal Increases Cardiovascular Reactivity to Psychological Stress in Healthy Young Adults
Apr 01, 2007; ... Abstract The consumption of high levels of saturated fat over the course of several weeks may lead to exaggerated cardiovascular reactivity. The consumption of a single high-fat meal has been associated with a transient impairment of vascular function. In a randomized, repeated measures, ...
Cecal Infusion of Butyrate Increases Intestinal Cell Proliferation in Piglets1
Apr 01, 2007; ... Abstract The effects of colon-derived butyrate on intestinal cell proliferation are controversial. In vitro studies suggest an inhibitory effect, and in vivo studies suggest the opposite, but neither type of study has been based on a physiologically relevant, intracolonic supply of ...
Quantitative NMR Analysis of a Sesamin Catechol Metabolite in Human Urine1
Apr 01, 2007; ... Abstract Sesamin, the major sesame oil lignan, is recognized for its health-promoting effects, including the lowering of cholesterol and elevation of γ-tocopherol in rats and humans. However, little is known about the absorption and metabolism of sesamin in humans. In this study, 6 ...
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Peptides from a Lactotripeptide-Enriched Milk Beverage Are Absorbed Intact into the Circulation1
Apr 01, 2007; ... Abstract Food products containing angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides reportedly play a role in treatment of mild hypertension. The aim of this placebo-controlled crossover study was to assess the bioavailability of Ile-Pro-Pro and 7 other ACE-inhibiting peptides ...
Change in Plasma Lutein after Egg Consumption Is Positively Associated with Plasma Cholesterol and Lipoprotein Size but Negatively Correlated with Body Size in Postmenopausal Women1
Apr 01, 2007; ... Abstract We investigated associations between plasma concentrations of cholesterol and lutein after consumption of eggs. Using a crossover design, 22 postmenopausal women (50-77 y) consumed an egg treatment (640 mg/d additional cholesterol and 600 µg/d additional lutein + zeaxanthin) or ...
Soy Isoflavones Exert Differential Effects on Androgen Responsive Genes in LNCaP Human Prostate Cancer Cells1
Apr 01, 2007; ... Abstract The high consumption of soy isoflavones in Asian diets has been correlated to a lower incidence of clinically important cases of prostate cancer. This study characterized the effects of a soy-derived isoflavone concentrate (ISF) on growth and gene expression profiles in the ...
Low-Dose Docosahexaenoic Acid Lowers Diastolic Blood Pressure in Middle-Aged Men and Women1
Apr 01, 2007; ... Abstract The intake of (n-3) long-chain PUFA is associated with a decreased risk of fatal myocardial infarction. Whether this effect is attributable to the effects of docosahexaenoic acid [22:6(n-3) (DHA)] on vascular function, particularly at intakes <1 g/d, is unknown. We report a ...
Iron Deprivation during Fetal Development Changes the Behavior of Juvenile Rhesus Monkeys1,2
Apr 01, 2007; ... Abstract Sensitive periods for induction of behavioral impairments by developmental iron deficiency were studied in a nonhuman primate model. Rhesus monkey infants were deprived of iron prenatally (n = 14) via the dam's diet (10 µg Fe/g) or postnatally (birth-4 mo, n = 12) via infant ...
Resistance Training Reduces Fasted- and Fed-State Leucine Turnover and Increases Dietary Nitrogen Retention in Previously Untrained Young Men1
Apr 01, 2007; ... Abstract We aimed to determine the impact of intense resistance training, designed to increase lean body mass (LBM), on both fasted and fed whole body protein kinetics in untrained young men. Twelve healthy males (22 ± 2 y of age; BMI, 24.3 ± 2.4 kg/m^sup 2^) participated in a 12-wk ...
Dietary Patterns and Markers of Systemic Inflammation among Iranian Women1
Apr 01, 2007; ... Abstract Few studies have examined the contribution of major dietary patterns to markers of systemic inflammation. This study was conducted to evaluate the association of major dietary patterns with markers of systemic inflammation among Iranian women. In a cross-sectional study of 486 ...
A Diet High in Fruits and Low in Meats Reduces the Risk of Colorectal Adenomas1
Apr 01, 2007; ... Abstract Recent evidence suggests overall dietary patterns, rather than specific dietary components, may be a better predictor of colorectal adenomas or cancers. Using cluster analysis, we aimed to assess the association between dietary patterns and colorectal adenomas and whether ...
Participation in Food Assistance Programs Modifies the Relation of Food Insecurity with Weight and Depression in Elders
Apr 01, 2007; ... Abstract The relation of food insecurity in elders with outcomes such as overweight and depression, and the influence of participation in food assistance programs on these relations, has not been established. The aim of this study was to examine the relation between food insecurity and ...
Assessment of Dietary Isoflavone Intake among Middle-Aged Chinese Men1
Apr 01, 2007; ... Abstract We evaluated the reproducibility and validity of the FFQ used in the Shanghai Men's Health Study (SMHS) for assessing dietary isoflavone intake, using multiple 24-h dietary recalls (24-HDR) and urinary isoflavones as the reference criteria, with data from the dietary validation ...
Wheat Flour Fortification Is Unlikely to Benefit the Neediest in Guatemala1
Apr 01, 2007; ... Abstract The potential impact of wheat flour fortification with iron and folic acid was assessed using data about food purchases from the nationally representative 2000 Guatemalan Living Standards Measurement Survey. Of 7265 households, 35% were indigenous and 57% rural; 11% were ...
Micronutrient Sprinkles Reduce Anemia among 9- to 24-Mo-Old Children When Delivered through an Integrated Health and Nutrition Program in Rural Haiti1
Apr 01, 2007; ... Abstract We evaluated the effectiveness of a 2-mo treatment of Sprinkles containing 12.5 mg iron, 5 mg zinc, 400 µg vitamin A, 160 µg folic acid, and 30 mg vitamin C in reducing anemia among children 9- to 24 mo old in Haiti. Ten food distribution points (FDP) where children received ...
Fish Oil Supplementation Modulates Immune Function in Healthy Infants1
Apr 01, 2007; ... Abstract (n-3) PUFA influence immune function in adults and may also affect immune maturation during development. This randomized trial is, to our knowledge, the first to investigate whether fish oil supplementation in late infancy modifies immune responses. The study was a 2 × 2 ...
Zinc Supplementation of Pregnant Rats with Adequate Zinc Nutriture Suppresses Immune Functions in Their Offspring1
Apr 01, 2007; ... Abstract The knowledge about consequences of marginal zinc (Zn) deficiency and Zn supplementation during pregnancy on immune function in the offspring is limited. The aim of this study was to examine whether effects of mild Zn deficiency and subsequent Zn supplementation during pregnancy ...
Gestational and Lactational Iron Deficiency Alters the Developing Striatal Metabolome and Associated Behaviors in Young Rats1
Apr 01, 2007; ... Abstract Gestational and early postnatal iron deficiency occurs commonly in humans and results in altered behaviors suggestive of striatal dysfunction. We hypothesized that early iron deficiency alters the metabolome of the developing striatum and accounts for abnormalities in ...
Water Maze Performance in Young Male Long-Evans Rats Is Inversely Affected by Dietary Intakes of Niacin and May Be Linked to Levels of the NAD^sup +^ Metabolite cADPR1
Apr 01, 2007; ... Abstract Niacin is converted in tissues to NAD^sup +^, which is required for synthesis of the intracellular calcium signaling molecule cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR). cADPR is involved in many aspects of cognitive function, including long-term depression, in the hippocampus, a brain region ...
Introduction: The Window of Opportunity1,2
Apr 01, 2007; ... The United Nations Standing Committee on Nutrition recently stilted that "while undernutririon kills in early life, it also leads to a high risk of disease and death Liter in life. This double burden of malnutrition has common causes, inadequate fetal and infant and young child nutrition ...
Developmental Plasticity and Evolutionary Biology1,2
Apr 01, 2007; ... Abstract Fetal experience determines some of the characteristics of human adults. Well-nourished mothers have offspring who are adapted to affluent conditions; mothers on a low level of nutrition have offspring who are adapted to lean environments. If the mother's forecast of her ...
Gene Polymorphisms, Size at Birth, and the Development of Hypertension and Type 2 Diabetes1
Apr 01, 2007; ... Abstract Nonoptimal fetal growth, leading to a small-for-gestational-age body size at birth, is commonly followed by compensatory growth after birth. This pattern of growth is associated with an increased risk for type 2 diabetes, especially when the compensatory phase begins around 3 to ...
Maternal Nutrition, Low Nephron Number, and Hypertension in Later Life: Pathways of Nutritional Programming1,2
Apr 01, 2007; ... Abstract A large body of epidemiologic literature supports an inverse relation between birth weight and both systolic blood pressure and prevalence of hypertension, but mechanisms through which lower birth weight increases risk for hypertension are not established. This article advances ...
Human Caloric Restriction for Retardation of Aging: Current Approaches and Preliminary Data1,2
Apr 01, 2007; ... As rhc percentage of the U.S. population over 65 y continues to increase, there is growing recognition that we need to identify effective ways to reduce age-associated morbidity and understand the potential for delaying biological aging to improve health in the later years. Caloric restriction ...
Novel Concepts in the Developmental Origins of Adult Health and Disease1
Apr 01, 2007; ... The seminal epidemiological observations of David Barker demonstrated that birth weight across the normal range is inversely proportional to the risk for hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes in adulthood (1). Increasing evidence suggests that either low birth weight or ...
Starving for Life: What Animal Studies Can and Cannot Tell Us about the Use of Caloric Restriction to Prolong Human Lifespan1,2
Apr 01, 2007; ... Abstract Caloric restriction (CR) is the only experimental nongenetic paradigm known to increase lifespan. It has broad applicability and extends the life of most species through a retardation of aging. There is considerable interest in the use of CR in humans, and animal studies can ...
Improvements in Body Composition, Glucose Tolerance, and Insulin Action Induced by Increasing Energy Expenditure or Decreasing Energy Intake1,2
Apr 01, 2007; ... Abstract Increases in exercise energy expenditure without compensatory changes in food intake (EX) and restriction of calorie intake (CR) both decrease body weight and fat mass, which, in turn, improve glucoregulatory function. However, EX may provide greater benefits than can be ...
Background1
Apr 01, 2007; ... Multiple micronutrient (MN) deficiencies are widespread globally and frequently coexist with protein-energy malnutrition, particularly in Southeast Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, and to a lesser extent in Latin America. It is estimated that malnutrition contributes to the high mortality in children ...
Designing Snacks to Address Micronutrient Deficiencies in Rural Kenyan Schoolchildren1,2
Apr 01, 2007; ... Abstract Three snacks were designed to improve nutrient intakes among school-age children living in rural Kenya. Snacks containing animal-source foods (milk and meat) provided more nutrients than an equicaloric vegetarian snack. The vegetarian snack provided extra vitamin A (primarily ...
Traditional Food-Processing and Preparation Practices to Enhance the Bioavailability of Micronutrients in Plant-Based Diets1
Apr 01, 2007; ... Abstract Dietary quality is an important limiting factor to adequate nutrition in many resource-poor settings. One aspect of dietary quality with respect to adequacy of micronutrient intakes is bioavailability. Several traditional household food-processing and preparation methods can be ...
Zinc Deficiency: A Special Challenge1,2
Apr 01, 2007; ... Abstract In the development and testing of programs designed to improve complementary feeding globally, local nonfortified foodbased solutions comprise an important strategy for the foreseeable future. These solutions are especially vital for the rural poor of less-developed countries ....
The Role of Fish in Food-Based Strategies to Combat Vitamin A and Mineral Deficiencies in Developing Countries1,2
Apr 01, 2007; ... Abstract Fish is important in the diets and livelihoods of many poor people suffering from vitamin and mineral deficiencies. In this article, fish intake in rural Bangladesh and Cambodia and the vitamin A, calcium, iron, and zinc contents and nutrient bioavailabihty of commonly consumed ...
Local Cultural Animal Food Contributes High Levels of Nutrients for Arctic Canadian Indigenous Adults and Children1,2
Apr 01, 2007; ... Abstract Food systems of Canadian Arctic Indigenous Peoples contain many species of traditional animal and plant food, but the extent of use today is limited because purchased food displaces much of the traditional species from the diet. Frequency and 24-h dietary interviews of Arctic ...
A Nutribusiness Strategy for Processing and Marketing Animal-Source Foods for Children1,2
Apr 01, 2007; ... Abstract Nutritional benefits of animal source foods in the diets of children in developing countries indicate a need to increase the availability of such foods to young children. A nutribusiness strategy based on a dried meat and starch product could be used to increase children's ...
Meat Supplementation Improves Growth, Cognitive, and Behavioral Outcomes in Kenyan Children1,2
Apr 01, 2007; ... Abstract A randomized, controlled school feeding study was conducted in rural Embu District, Kenya to test for a causal link between animal-source food intake and changes in micronutrient nutrition and growth, cognitive, and behavioral outcomes. Twelve primary schools were randomly ...
ERRATUM[1]
Apr 01, 2007; ... Schwab U., Törrönen A., Meririnne E., Saarinen M,, Alfthan G., Aro A., Uusitupa, M. Orally administered betaine has an acute and dose-dependent effect on serum betaine and plasma homocysteine concentrations in healthy humans. J. Nutr. 136:34-38. The urinary excretion if hetaine seemed to ...
ERRATUM[2]
Apr 01, 2007; ... Frank J.W., Escobar J., Nguyen H.V., Jobgen S.C., Johgen W.S., Davis T.A., Wu G. Oral N-carbnmylglutamate supplementation increases protein synthesis in skeletal muscle of piglets. J Nutr. 137:315-319. The reference for Fu et al. (27) on page 318 (right column) was omitted in the ...
Announcements
Apr 01, 2007; ... April 16-18, 2007 Micro nutrient Forum. Consequences and Control of Micronutrient Deficiencies: Science, Policy, and Programs -Defining the Issues. Istanbul, Turkey. For information contact: Micronutrient Forum secretariat. Tel: 202-659-9024; fax: 202-659-3617; e-mail: ...
Decreasing Linoleic Acid with Constant [alpha]-Linolenic Acid in Dietary Fats Increases (n-3) Eicosapentaenoic Acid in Plasma Phospholipids in Healthy Men1
Apr 01, 2007; ... Abstract High linoleic acid (LA) intakes have been suggested to reduce α-linolenic acid [ALA, 18:3(n-3)] metabolism to eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA, 20:5(n-3)] and docosahexaenoic acid [DHA, 22:6(n-3)], and favor high arachidonic acid [ARA, 20:4(n-6)]. We used a randomized cross-over ...