The Journal of Nutrition back issues from October 2007:
Cruciferous Indole-3-Carbinol Inhibits Apolipoprotein B Secretion in HepG2 Cells1-3
Oct 01, 2007; ... Abstract The cardioprotective effect of consuming cruciferous vegetables may be attributed to a number of unique indole-based compounds. We investigated the potential role and mechanism of action of an indole-based compound, indole-3-carbinol (I-3-C), on apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB) ...
An Inulin-Type Fructan Enhances Calcium Absorption Primarily via an Effect on Colonic Absorption in Humans1,2
Oct 01, 2007; ... Abstract Calcium absorption efficiency and bone mineral mass are increased in adolescents who regularly consume inulin-type fructans (ITF). The mechanism of action in increasing absorption is unknown but may be related to increased colonic calcium absorption. We conducted a study in ...
Sterilization in a Liquid of a Specific Starch Makes It Slowly Digestible In Vitro and Low Glycemic in Rats1
Oct 01, 2007; ... Abstract Diabetics are recommended to eat a balanced diet containing normal amounts of carbohydrates, preferably those with a low glycemic index. For solid foods, this can be achieved by choosing whole-grain, fiber-rich products. For (sterilized) liquid products, such as meal replacers, ...
Dietary Flavones and Flavonoles Are Inhibitors of Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1 in Pulmonary Epithelial Cells1,2
Oct 01, 2007; ... Abstract The nuclear enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), which was initially known to be highly activated by oxidative stress-induced DNA strand breaks, has been shown to be involved in the pathophysiology of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. PARP-1 deficiency in mice ...
Chlorogenic Acid Compounds from Coffee Are Differentially Absorbed and Metabolized in Humans1,2
Oct 01, 2007; ... Abstract Chlorogenic acids (CGA) are abundant phenolic compounds in coffee, with caffeoylquinic (CQA), feruloylquinic (FQA), and dicaffeoylquinic (diCQA) acids being the major subclasses. Despite the potential biopharmacological properties attributed to these compounds, little is known ...
New Developments and Novel Therapeutic Perspectives for Vitamin C1,2
Oct 01, 2007; ... Abstract Vitamin C is required for collagen synthesis and biosynthesis of certain hormones and recommended dietary intake levels are largely based these requirements. However, to function effectively as an antioxidant (or a pro-oxidant), relatively high levels of this vitamin must be ...
Lung Retinyl Ester Is Low in Young Adult Rats Fed a Vitamin A-Deficient Diet after Weaning, despite Neonatal Vitamin A Supplementation and Maintenance of Normal Plasma Retinol1,2
Oct 01, 2007; ... Abstract Although it is understood that plasma retinol concentration is not proportional to the concentration of vitamin A stored in liver, plasma retinol still is often used as an indicator of vitamin A status. An aim of vitamin A supplementation strategies is to maintain plasma retinol ...
Energy Restriction-Induced Changes in Body Composition Are Age Specific in Mice1-3
Oct 01, 2007; ... Abstract Restricting energy intake while supplying adequate micronutrients slows aging and extends maximal lifespan, whereas loss of body weight with exercise training does not. Our goal was to test the hypothesis that weight loss via energy restriction (ER) alters body composition in a ...
Does Garlic Reduce Risk of Colorectal Cancer? A Systematic Review1-3
Oct 01, 2007; ... Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the 3rd leading cause of cancer death in the United States and the 2nd leading cause of cancer death in Australia. Environmental factors play important roles in the multiple-stage process of CRC and nutritional intervention has been identified as ...
Microbial and Dietary Factors Are Associated with the Equol Producer Phenotype in Healthy Postmenopausal Women1-3
Oct 01, 2007; ... Abstract Equol, a microbial metabolite of daidzein, has been hypothesized as a clue to the effectiveness of soy and its isoflavones but is excreted by only 33% of Caucasians. Microbial and dietary factors associated with the ability to harbor equol-producing bacteria were studied in a ...
Body Fat Deposition Does Not Originate from Carbohydrates in Milk-Fed Calves1,2
Oct 01, 2007; ... Abstract Milk-fed heavy calves utilize dietary protein with a low efficiency and often develop hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. Distributing the daily nutrient intake over an increasing number of meals increases protein deposition and improves glucose homeostasis. Therefore, we ...
Betaine Can Partially Spare Choline in Chicks but Only When Added to Diets Containing a Minimal Level of Choline1
Oct 01, 2007; ... Abstract The ability of betaine to serve as a methyl donor in chicks was assessed in 3 bioassays using a choline-free purified diet that contained adequate methionine (Met). In assay 1, choline and betaine were each supplemented at 300 mg/kg in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of diets ....
Carbohydrate Restriction Alters Hepatic Cholesterol Metabolism in Guinea Pigs Fed a Hypercholesterolemia Diet1
Oct 01, 2007; ... Abstract The current study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of carbohydrate restriction on hepatic cholesterol metabolism in guinea pigs fed a hypercholesterolemic diet. Hartley male guinea pigs (n = 10 per group) were fed 1 of 3 diets: a diet with a percent energy distribution of ...
A Combination of Caffeine, Arginine, Soy Isoflavones, and L-Carnitine Enhances Both Lipolysis and Fatty Acid Oxidation in 3T3-L1 and HepG2 Cells in Vitro and in KK Mice in Vivo1
Oct 01, 2007; ... Abstract To develop an anti-obesity agent containing dietary components, we focused on the mechanisms that enhance both lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation. Caffeine and arginine (CA), a nonselective adenosine-receptor antagonist and an inducer of lipolytic hormone, respectively, were ...
ß-Carotene Micellarization during in Vitro Digestion and Uptake by Caco-2 Cells Is Directly Proportional to ß-Carotene Content in Different Genotypes of Cassava1,2
Oct 01, 2007; ... Abstract Cassava, a staple food in sub-Saharan Africa, does not provide adequate amounts of pro-vitamin A (VA) carotenoids and has been targeted for biofortification (i.e. selectively breeding cultivars of increased nutrient density with agroeconomically acceptable characteristics) ....
Inflammatory Markers of Atherosclerosis Are Decreased after Moderate Consumption of Cava (Sparkling Wine) in Men with Low Cardiovascular Risk1,2
Oct 01, 2007; ... Abstract Atherosclerosis is considered a low-grade inflammatory disease. Polyphenol-rich alcoholic beverages (red wine) have shown a more pronounced antiinflammatory effect than polyphenol-free alcoholic beverages (gin). However, no studies to our knowledge have evaluated the ...
Pasta Naturally Enriched with Isoflavone Aglycons from Soy Germ Reduces Serum Lipids and Improves Markers of Cardiovascular Risk1
Oct 01, 2007; ... Abstract Most studies of soy and cholesterol have tested foods made from purified soy proteins containing mainly isoflavone glycosides. Fermented soy foods have mainly isoflavone aglycons and account for a high proportion of the soy protein source in Asia, where there is an inverse ...
Telephone Counseling Helps Maintain Long-Term Adherence to a High-Vegetable Dietary Pattern1,2
Oct 01, 2007; ... Abstract Achieving long-term adherence to a dietary pattern is a challenge in many studies investigating the relationship between diet and disease. The Women's Healthy Eating and Living Study was a multi-institutional randomized trial in 3088 women at risk for breast cancer recurrence ....
Bioavailable Dietary Iron Is Associated with Hemoglobin Concentration in Mexican Preschool Children1,2
Oct 01, 2007; ... Abstract The objective of this study was to estimate the amount of bioavailable iron (FeBIO) in the diet of Mexican children aged 12-59 mo through the application of algorithms that use dietary variables and analyze the association between estimated FeBIO and hemoglobin (Hb) ...
Can Interventions to Promote Animal Production Ameliorate Undernutrition?1,2
Oct 01, 2007; ... Abstract The potential of animal-source foods (ASF) to alleviate micronutrient deficiencies is well recognized. How the intake of ASF can be effectively increased is not known, but promoting animal production (AP) is one possible method. We reviewed the impact of interventions promoting ...
Iron Status Is an Important Cause of Anemia in HIV-Infected Tanzanian Women but Is Not Related to Accelerated HIV Disease Progression1,2
Oct 01, 2007; ... Abstract In HIV-infected populations from developing countries, it is unclear what proportion of anemia is attributable to iron deficiency (ID) and whether high body iron stores worsen HIV disease progression. We therefore evaluated these research questions in 584 HIV-infected Tanzanian ...
Self-Reported Changes in Dietary Calcium and Energy Intake Predict Weight Regain following a Weight Loss Diet in Obese Women1,2
Oct 01, 2007; ... Abstract This study examined relationships between changes in dietary calcium intake, energy intake, and body weight following a weight loss diet. One hundred three overweight or obese women lost weight over 22 wk. Dietary calcium and energy intake were assessed using the Block 98 FFQ ...
Effect of Glycosaminoglycans on Nonheme Iron Absorption/Reply to Jin and Glahn
Oct 01, 2007; ... Dear Editor, In the May issue of The Journal of Nutrition, Storcksdieck genannt Bonsmann et al. (1) reported that a previous study by Huh et al. (2) prompted their study ot the effect of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) compounds, namely sodium hyaluronate (NaH) and chondroitin sulfate (CS), on ...
Three Nordic Berries Inhibit Intestinal Tumorigenesis in Multiple Intestinal Neoplasia/+ Mice by Modulating [beta]-Catenin Signaling in the Tumor and Transcription in the Mucosa1-3
Oct 01, 2007; ... Abstract Berries contain a number of compounds that are proposed to have anticarcinogenic properties. We studied the effects and molecular mechanisms of wild berries with different phenolic profiles on intestinal tumorigenesis in multiple intestinal neoplasia/+ mice. The mice were fed a ...
Total [alpha]-Tocopherol Intakes Are Associated with Serum [alpha]-Tocopherol Concentrations in African American Adults1,2
Oct 01, 2007; ... Abstract African Americans in the southern United States have a high prevalence of chronic disease. Tocopherol intake and status have been associated with protection against several chronic diseases. Our objectives were, therefore, to examine the association between tocopherol intakes as ...
Soy Protein Isolate Increases Urinary Estrogens and the Ratio of 2:16[alpha]-Hydroxyestrone in Men at High Risk of Prostate Cancer1,2
Oct 01, 2007; ... Abstract Specific estrogen metabolites may initiate and promote hormone-related cancers. In epidemiological studies, significantly lower excretion of urinary estradiol (E2) and lower ratio of urinary 2-hydroxy estrogens to 16α-hydroxyestrone (2:16 OH-E1) have been reported in ...