The Journal of Nutrition back issues from January 2008:
Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation Decreases Remnant-Like Particle-Cholesterol and Increases the (n-3) Index in Hypertriglyceridemic Men1-3
Jan 01, 2008; ... Abstract Plasma remnant-like particle-cholesterol (RLP-C) and the RBC (n-3) index are novel risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation on these risk factors in hypertriglyceridemic men have not been studied. We determined effects of DHA ...
Conjugated Linoleic Acid Suppresses Myogenic Gene Expression in a Model of Human Muscle Cell Inflammation1,2
Jan 01, 2008; ... Abstract Proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, contribute to muscle wasting in inflammatory disorders, where TNFα acts to regulate myogenic genes. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has shown promise as an antiproliferative and antiinflammatory agent, ...
Inhibition of Cell Cycle Progression by Hydroxytyrosol Is Associated with Upregulation of Cyclin-Dependent Protein Kinase Inhibitors p21^sup WAF1/Cip1^ and p27^sup Kip1^ and with Induction of Differentiation in HL60 Cells1
Jan 01, 2008; ... Abstract Recent evidence indicates that the cancer preventive activity of olive oil can be mediated by the presence of minor components, such as antioxidant phenolic compounds. However, their mechanisms of action remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the in vitro effects ...
Modified MyPyramid for Older Adults1,2
Jan 01, 2008; ... Abstract In 1999 we proposed a Modified Food Guide Pyramid for adults aged 70+ y. It has been extensively used in a variety of settings and formats to highlight the unique dietary challenges of older adults. We now propose a Modified MyPyramid for Older Adults in a format consistent with ...
Arginine Activates Intestinal p70^sup S6k^ and Protein Synthesis in Piglet Rotavirus Enteritis1,2
Jan 01, 2008; ... Abstract We previously showed that phosphorylation of p70 S6 kinase (p70^sup S6k^) in the intestine is increased during viral enteritis. In this study, we hypothesized that during rotavirus infection, oral Arg, which stimulates p70^sup S6k^ activation, will further stimulate intestinal ...
A Nutritional Intervention Promoting a Mediterranean Food Pattern Does Not Affect Total Daily Dietary Cost in North American Women in Free-Living Conditions1,2
Jan 01, 2008; ... Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of adopting a Mediterranean diet on dietary cost and energy density in free-living conditions. The 12-wk nutritional intervention consisted of 2 group courses and 7 individual sessions with a dietician in a sample of 73 ...
Folate Intake at RDA Levels Is Inadequate for Mexican American Men with the Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase 677TT Genotype1-3
Jan 01, 2008; ... Abstract Since the establishment of the 1998 folate recommended dietary allowance (RDA), the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677C[arrow right]T variant has emerged as a strong modifier of folate status. This controlled feeding study investigated the adequacy of the RDA 400 ...
A Positive Association of Lumbar Spine Bone Mineral Density with Dietary Protein Is Suppressed by a Negative Association with Protein Sulfur1,2
Jan 01, 2008; ... Abstract Dietary protein is theorized to hold both anabolic effects on bone and demineralizing effects mediated by the diet acid load of sulfate derived from methionine and cysteine. The relative importance of these effects is unknown but relevant to osteoporosis prevention ....
Maternal Dietary Intake of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Modifies the Relationship between Lead Levels in Bone and Breast Milk1,2
Jan 01, 2008; ... Abstract Whereas dietary fats are known to influence bone mineral density, little is known about their effect on the skeletal stores of lead that are a pervasive source of fetal and infant lead exposure from heightened mobilization during pregnancy and lactation. This cross-sectional ...
Intrauterine Growth Restriction Affects the Proteomes of the Small Intestine, Liver, and Skeletal Muscle in Newborn Pigs1,2
Jan 01, 2008; ... Abstract Efficiency of nutrient utilization is high in neonates with normal birth weights but is reduced in those with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). However, the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. This study was conducted with the piglet model and proteomics technology ...
An Index of Diet and Eating Patterns Is a Valid Measure of Diet Quality in an Australian Population1,2
Jan 01, 2008; ... Abstract Diet indices represent an integrated approach to assessing eating patterns and behaviors. The aim of this study was to develop a comprehensive food-based dietary index to reflect adherence to healthy eating recommendations, evaluate the construct validity of the index using ...
Lycopene Inhibits Disease Progression in Patients with Benign Prostate Hyperplasia1,2
Jan 01, 2008; ... Abstract Lycopene is a promising nutritional component for chemoprevention of prostate cancer (PCa). A possibly beneficial role of lycopene in patients diagnosed with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), who are at increased risk of developing PCa, has been suggested, although clinical ...
Dietary and Physical Activity Patterns in French Children Are Related to Overweight and Socioeconomic Status1,2
Jan 01, 2008; ... Abstract Sedentary behavior (SED) has already been identified as a risk factor of childhood overweight (OW) but less is known about the dietary patterns related to adiposity. Our objective was to investigate if lifestyle patterns combining overall diet and physical activity were ...
Tracking of Dietary Intake Patterns Is Associated with Baseline Characteristics of Urban Low-Income African-American Adolescents1-3
Jan 01, 2008; ... Abstract Young peoples' dietary habits may persist over time. However, few studies have examined the dynamic patterns in urban low-income African-American adolescents' intakes. This study examined these dynamic patterns and their predictors and explored the association between the ...
Additional Zinc Delivered in a Liquid Supplement, but Not in a Fortified Porridge, Increased Fat-Free Mass Accrual among Young Peruvian Children with Mild-to-Moderate Stunting1,2
Jan 01, 2008; ... Abstract The exact mechanism whereby zinc influences growth is unknown, although it has been postulated that zinc may stimulate appetite and energy intake or enhance fat-free mass (FFM) accrual directly. We compared energy intake, reported appetite, and body composition of 6- to 8-mo-old ...
Energy Restriction and Exercise Differentially Enhance Components of Systemic and Mucosal Immunity in Mice1,2
Jan 01, 2008; ... Abstract The prevalence of obesity, an established risk factor for several chronic diseases, including cancer, has risen dramatically over the past 4 decades. Dietary change and/or increased physical activity are the most commonly recommended lifestyle-based strategies for preventing or ...
Feeding a Diet Containing a Fructooligosaccharide Mix Can Enhance Salmonella Vaccine Efficacy in Mice1
Jan 01, 2008; ... Abstract Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) are considered prebiotics because of their ability to promote growth of specific beneficial gut bacteria, such as bifidobacteria. Some studies reported potential immune-modulating properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ...
The Immune Response to Herpes Simplex Virus Encephalitis in Mice Is Modulated by Dietary Vitamin E1,2
Jan 01, 2008; ... Abstract Herpes simplex virus encephalitis (HSE) is the most common fatal sporadic encephalitis in humans. HSE is primarily caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 infection of the brain. HSE results in increased levels of oxidative stress, including the production of reactive oxygen ...
Weak Association between Sweeteners or Sweetened Beverages and Diabetes/Reply to Dr. White
Jan 01, 2008; ... Dear Editor, The recent article by Montonen et al. (1) fails to demonstrate that a higher intake of fructose, glucose, and sweetened beverages (but not sucrose) may increase type 2 diabetes risk because 1) the authors do not acknowledge the fundamental compositional and metabolic ...
Announcements
Jan 01, 2008; ... February 8-10, 2008 Nutrition and Inflammation: Research Makes the Connection. Chicago, IL This two day event organized by the Inter-Society Research Meeting is co-sponsored by the American Dietetic Association, the American Society for Nutrition, the American Society of ...
The Importance of Calcium, Potassium, and Acid-Base Homeostasis in Bone Health and Osteoporosis Prevention1,2
Jan 01, 2008; ... The acid ash hypothesis proposed by Wachman and Bernstein (1) in 1968 put forth the paradigm that the net acid produced from the Westernized diet could contribute to the development of osteoporosis. Algorithms designed specifically to quantify the relative acidity of the diet have been ...
The Use of Whey or Skimmed Milk Powder in Fortified Blended Foods for Vulnerable Groups1,2
Jan 01, 2008; ... Abstract Fortified blended foods (FBF), especially corn soy blend, are used as food aid for millions of people worldwide, especially malnourished individuals and vulnerable groups. There are only a few studies evaluating the effect of FBF on health outcomes, and the potential negative ...
Nutrient Effects on the Calcium Economy: Emphasizing the Potassium Controversy1,2
Jan 01, 2008; ... Abstract The calcium economy is a dynamic state influenced by fluxes in dietary calcium intake, intestinal calcium absorption, and renal calcium conservation. The relationship of selected bone-related nutrients to these calcium fluxes exhibits both constructive and destructive ...
The Balance of Bone Health: Tipping the Scales in Favor of Potassium-Rich, Bicarbonate-Rich Foods1,2
Jan 01, 2008; ... Abstract Public health nutrition strategies to develop and maintain bone health throughout the lifecycie as well as to prevent osteoporosis in later life are urgently needed. In the United States, ~10 million Americans have osteoporosis, with costs estimated at $17.9 billion per year and ...
Preface1,2
Jan 01, 2008; ... The Behavior Change Consortium (BCC) was established in response to a Request for Applications announcement, by the NIH Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research, in October 1997. The BCC initiative focused on the "Innovative Approaches to Disease Prevention through Behavior Change." The ...
Introduction1,2
Jan 01, 2008; ... Studies of dietary behavior are an important, but sometimes neglected, aspect of epidemiological studies of nutrition and health. To be relevant to public health, epidemiological evidence of causal influences of dietary factors on disease risk should be followed by interventions to change those ...
Baseline Design Elements and Sample Characteristics for Seven Sites Participating in the Nutrition Working Group of the Behavior Change Consortium1,2
Jan 01, 2008; ... Abstract The purpose of this article is to describe the baseline design elements and sample characteristics of the Behavior Change Consortium (BCC) Dietary Measurement studies for each of the 7 sites that comprised the BCC Nutrition Working Group (NWG). This article summarizes the ...
Evaluation of a Short Dietary Assessment Instrument for Percentage Energy from Fat in an Intervention Study1,2
Jan 01, 2008; ... Abstract The need for an inexpensive measure of dietary intake in intervention studies led to evaluation of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Percentage Energy from Fat short instrument (PFat) in a subgroup of the Behavioral Change Consortium (BCC) intervention sites. The PFat's ...
Correspondence of the NCI Fruit and Vegetable Screener to Repeat 24-H Recalls and Serum Carotenoids in Behavioral Intervention Trials1,2
Jan 01, 2008; ... Abstract Five sites participating in the NCI Behavior Change Consortium administered the NCI Fruit and Vegetable Screener (FVS) and multiple, nonconsecutive 24-h dietary recall interviews (24HR) to 590 participants. Three sites also obtained serum carotenoids (n = 295). Participants were ...
Performance of a Short Percentage Energy from Fat Tool in Measuring Change in Dietary Intervention Studies1,2
Jan 01, 2008; ... Abstract Measurement of percentage energy from fat is important in surveillance of populations and in epidemiologic studies examining relationships between diet and disease as well as for behavioral intervention studies seeking to change dietary behavior. The NCI percentage energy from ...
Use of Signal Detection Methodology to Identify Subgroups of Dietary Supplement Use in Diverse Populations1,2
Jan 01, 2008; ... Abstract Despite widespread use of dietary supplements, little is known about correlates and determinants of their use. Using a diverse sample from 7 interventions participating in the Behavior Change Consortium (n = 2539), signal detection methodology (SDM) demonstrated a method for ...
Accuracy and Precision of Two Short Screeners to Assess Change in Fruit and Vegetable Consumption among Diverse Populations Participating in Health Promotion Intervention Trials1,2
Jan 01, 2008; ... Abstract Two short frequency questionnaires, the NCI 19-item Fruit and Vegetable Screener (FVS) and a single question on overall fruit and vegetable consumption (1-item), were evaluated for their ability to assess change in fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption over time and in response ...
Social Desirability Trait Influences on Self-Reported Dietary Measures among Diverse Participants in a Multicenter Multiple Risk Factor Trial1,2
Jan 01, 2008; ... Abstract Data collected at 4 Behavioral Change Consortium sites were used to assess social desirability bias in self-reports derived from a dietary fat screener (PFat), a dietary fruit and vegetable screener (FVS), and a 1-item question on fruit and vegetable intake. Comparisons were ...
Administration of Minor Polar Compound-Enriched Extra Virgin Olive Oil Decreases Platelet Aggregation and the Plasma Concentration of Reduced Homocysteine in Rats1,2
Jan 01, 2008; ... Abstract We investigated the effect of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) on platelet aggregation and plasma concentrations of homocysteine (Hcy) redox forms in rats in relation to the minor polar compound (MPC) concentration of EVOO. We used 3 olive oil samples with similar fatty acid but ...
3,3'-Diindolylmethane Suppresses the Inflammatory Response to Lipopolysaccharide in Murine Macrophages1-3
Jan 01, 2008; ... Abstract 3,3'-Diindolylmethane (DIM), a major acid-condensation product of indole-3-carbinol, has been shown to have multiple anticancer effects in experimental models. Because recurrent or chronic inflammation has been implicated in the development of a variety of human cancers, this ...
Bioactive Food Components that Enhance [gamma][delta] T Cell Function May Play a Role in Cancer Prevention1
Jan 01, 2008; ... Abstract γδ T cells are found largely within the epithelium and recognize antigens differently than their αβ T cell counterparts. TCR δ^sup -/-^ knock out mice exhibit a rapid tumor onset, along with increased tumor incidence. Although limited, research ...