The Journal of Nutrition back issues from March 2008:
Soy Protein Ameliorates Metabolic Abnormalities in Liver and Adipose Tissue of Rats Fed a High Fat Diet1-3
Mar 01, 2008; ... Abstract Chronic consumption of high-fat or -carbohydrate diets is associated with the development of obesity; however, it is not well established whether dietary protein plays a role in the development of abnormalities of lipid metabolism that occur during obesity. To determine the ...
In Vitro Micellarization and Intestinal Cell Uptake of cis Isomers of Lycopene Exceed Those of All-trans Lycopene1,2
Mar 01, 2008; ... Abstract The ratio of cis and all-trans lycopene (LYC) in human and animal tissues exceeds that in foods. The basis for this difference remains unknown, although differences in their stability, transport, and metabolism have been suggested. Here, we systematically compared the digestive ...
Metabolic Effects of Dietary Fiber Consumption and Prevention of Diabetes1
Mar 01, 2008; ... Abstract A high dietary fiber (DF) intake is emphasized in the recommendations of most diabetes and nutritional associations. It is accepted that viscous and gel-forming properties of soluble DF inhibit macronutrient absorption, reduce postprandial glucose response, and beneficially ...
Lipid Extract of Nostoc commune var. sphaeroides Kützing, a Blue-Green Alga, Inhibits the Activation of Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Proteins in HepG2 Cells1-3
Mar 01, 2008; ... Abstract Nostoc commune var. sphaeroides Kützing (N. commune), a blue-green alga, has been used as both a food ingredient and in medicine for centuries. To determine the effect of N. commune on cholesterol metabolism, N. commune lipid extract was incubated at increasing concentrations ...
Carrageenan Induces Cell Cycle Arrest in Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells in Vitro1-3
Mar 01, 2008; ... Abstract Multiple studies in animal models have shown that the commonly used food additive carrageenan (CGN) induces inflammation and intestinal neoplasia. We performed the first studies to determine the effects of CGN exposure on human intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) in tissue culture ...
Feeding Status Regulates the Polyubiquitination Step of the Ubiquitin-Proteasome-Dependent Proteolysis in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Muscle1
Mar 01, 2008; ... Abstract In mammals, the ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic pathway is a major route of protein degradation and has been shown to be regulated by the feeding status via the protein kinase B (PKB)-Forkehead box-O transcription factor signaling pathway-mediated transcription regulation of ...
Age and Dietary Form of Vitamin K Affect Menaquinone-4 Concentrations in Male Fischer 344 Rats1-3
Mar 01, 2008; ... Abstract Phylloquinone, the primary dietary form of vitamin K, is converted to menaquinone-4 (MK-4) in certain tissues. MK-4 may have tissue-specific roles independent of those traditionally identified with vitamin K. Fischer 344 male rats of different ages (2, 12, and 24 mo, n = 20 per ...
Mammalian Sirtuin 1 Is Involved in the Protective Action of Dietary Saturated Fat against Alcoholic Fatty Liver in Mice1,2
Mar 01, 2008; ... Abstract This study was undertaken to elucidate the mechanism underling the protective effect of a high saturated fat (HSF) diet against the development of alcoholic fatty liver in mice. We tested the effects of a HSF diet on the ethanol-mediated increase in hepatic sterol regulatory ...
Nonstarch Polysaccharide Hydrolysis Products of Soybean and Canola Meal Protect against Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in Piglets1-3
Mar 01, 2008; ... Abstract Infectious diarrhea is a major problem in both children and piglets. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) infection results in fluid and electrolyte losses in the small intestine. We investigated the effect of nonstarch polysaccharide (NSP) hydrolysis products of soybean meal ...
A Diet Rich in Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Butter Increases Lipid Peroxidation but Does Not Affect Atherosclerotic, Inflammatory, or Diabetic Risk Markers in Healthy Young Men1,2
Mar 01, 2008; ... Abstract Intake of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has been demonstrated to beneficially affect risk markers of atherosclerosis and diabetes in rats. CLA is naturally found in milk fat, especially from cows fed a diet high in oleic acid, and increased CLA intake can occur concomitantly ...
Lipid Metabolism in Diet-Induced Obese Rabbits Is Similar to That of Obese Humans1,2
Mar 01, 2008; ... Abstract Whereas diet-induced obese rabbits have been used to study various aspects of obesity, alterations of lipid metabolism in this model have not been clarified. This study aimed to compare plasma nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) and triglyceride (TG) kinetics in obese and lean ...
Chronic Treatment with Red Wine Polyphenol Compounds Mediates Neuroprotection in a Rat Model of Ischemic Cerebral Stroke1-3
Mar 01, 2008; ... Abstract In this study, we investigated the in vivo effects of red wine polyphenol compounds (RWPC) in rats that were submitted to middle cerebral occlusion as an experimental model of stroke. Male Wistar rats were given RWPC [30 mg/(kg * d) dissolved in drinking water] or water for 1 wk ...
Cruciferous Vegetables Reduce Morphological Markers of Colon Cancer Risk in Dimethylhydrazine-Treated Rats1,2
Mar 01, 2008; ... Abstract Consumption of cruciferous vegetables has been associated with reduced colon cancer risk in human populations. However, little experimental evidence exists to support this association. Here, we report the effects of diets containing cruciferous vegetables on colon cancer risk ....
Dietary Plasma Proteins Modulate the Immune Response of Diffuse Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue in Rats Challenged with Staphylococcus aureus Enterotoxin B1,2
Mar 01, 2008; ... Abstract We have previously shown that plasma protein supplementation prevents the activation of lymphocyte populations of Peyer's patches and mesenteric lymph nodes, which is known as organized gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT). Here, we examined the effects of spray-dried plasma ...
Lycopene Inhibits Experimental Metastasis of Human Hepatoma SK-Hep-1 Cells in Athymic Nude Mice1,2
Mar 01, 2008; ... Abstract Lycopene has been shown to inhibit tumor metastasis in vitro, but it is unclear whether lycopene is antimetastatic in vivo. Here, nude mice were orally supplemented 2 times per week for 12 wk with a low or high dose of lycopene 11 or 20 mg/kg body weight (BW)] or with ...
White Button Mushroom Enhances Maturation of Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cells and Their Antigen Presenting Function in Mice1,2
Mar 01, 2008; ... Abstract Mushrooms have been shown to enhance immune response, which contributes to their antitumor property. White button mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) (WBM) constitute 90% of the total mushrooms consumed in the United States; however, the health benefit of this strain in general is not ...
Lowering Plasma Homocysteine Concentrations of Older Men and Women with Folate, Vitamin B-12, and Vitamin B-6 Does Not Affect the Proportion of (n-3) Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Plasma Phosphatidylcholine1,2
Mar 01, 2008; ... Abstract There is evidence to suggest that folate, homocysteine, or both affect the (n-3) long chain PUFA composition of tissues; however, this evidence is derived largely from experiments with animals and small observational studies in humans. Results from randomized controlled trials ...
A Casein Hydrolysate Does Not Enhance Gut Endogenous Protein Flows Compared with Intact Casein When Fed to Growing Rats1,2
Mar 01, 2008; ... Abstract We studied the effect of dietary free peptides vs. peptides released naturally during digestion on gut endogenous nitrogen (N) flow (ENFL) and amino acid (AA) flow (EAAFL). Semisynthetic diets containing 110 g/kg diet of the same casein, intact (C) or hydrolyzed (HC), were ...
Dietary Intake and Major Food Sources of Polyphenols in Finnish Adults1-3
Mar 01, 2008; ... Abstract Phenolic acids, flavonoids, proanthocyanidins, and ellagitannins are polyphenols that may have beneficial effects on human health and provide protection against chronic diseases. To date, limited data exist on quantitative intake of polyphenols. The aims of this study were to ...
Validation of a Food Frequency Questionnaire for Assessing Dietary Soy Isoflavone Intake among Midlife Chinese Women in Hong Kong1,2
Mar 01, 2008; ... Abstract Substantial evidence suggests that soy isoflavones may protect against certain chronic diseases. This study aims to assess the reproducibility and validity of a 47-item semiquantitative soy FFQ (SFFQ) designed to measure the usual intake of soy isoflavones among 145 Chinese ...
Vegetable but Not Fruit Consumption Reduces the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Chinese Women1,2
Mar 01, 2008; ... Abstract We examined associations between fruit and vegetable intake and the incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in a populationbased prospective study of 64,191 women with no history of T2D or other chronic diseases at study recruitment and with valid dietary information. Dietary intake ...
Development and Validation of Measure of Household Food Insecurity in Urban Costa Rica Confirms Proposed Generic Questionnaire1,2
Mar 01, 2008; ... Abstract Interest in household food insecurity (FI) within scientific and policy groups has motivated efforts to develop methods for measuring it. Questionnaires asking about FI experiences have been shown to be valid in the contexts in which they were created. The issue has arisen as to ...
Zinc, Gravida, Infection, and Iron, but Not Vitamin B-12 or Folate Status, Predict Hemoglobin during Pregnancy in Southern Ethiopia1,2
Mar 01, 2008; ... Abstract The etiology of anemia during pregnancy in rural Southern Ethiopia is uncertain. Intakes of animal-source foods are low and infections and bacterial overgrowth probably coexist. We therefore measured the dietary intakes of a convenience sample of Sidama women in late pregnancy ...
An Energy-Dense Complementary Food Is Associated with a Modest Increase in Weight Gain When Compared with a Fortified Porridge in Malawian Children Aged 6-18 Months1,2
Mar 01, 2008; ... Abstract Poor complementary feeding practices are associated with stunting and growth faltering throughout the developing world. The objective was to compare the effect of using peanut-/soy-based fortified spread (FS) and corn porridge fortified with fish powder (FP) as complementary ...
Breast-Feeding Patterns, Time to Initiation, and Mortality Risk among Newborns in Southern Nepal1,2
Mar 01, 2008; ... Abstract Initiation of breast-feeding within 1 h after birth has been associated with reduced neonatal mortality in a rural Ghanaian population. In South Asia, however, breast-feeding patterns and low birth weight rates differ and this relationship has not been quantified. Data were ...
Food Insecurity Is Associated with Nutrient Inadequacies among Canadian Adults and Adolescents1-3
Mar 01, 2008; ... Abstract Household food insecurity constrains food selection, but whether the dietary compromises associated with this problem heighten the risk of nutrient inadequacies is unclear. The objectives of this study were to examine the relationship between household food security status and ...
The Influence and Benefits of Controlling for Inflammation on Plasma Ferritin and Hemoglobin Responses following a Multi-Micronutrient Supplement in Apparently Healthy, HIV+ Kenyan Adults1,2
Mar 01, 2008; ... Abstract Hemoglobin and ferritin are important biomarkers of iron status but are both altered by inflammation. We used the inflammation biomarkers C-reactive protein (CRP) and α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) to adjust hemoglobin and ferritin concentrations to clarify interpretation of ...
Neighborhood Socioeconomic Deprivation and Minority Composition Are Associated with Better Potential Spatial Access to the Ground-Truthed Food Environment in a Large Rural Area1,2
Mar 01, 2008; ... Abstract Little is known about spatial inequalities and potential access to the food environment in rural areas. In this study, we assessed the food environment in a 6-county rural region of Texas (11,567 km^sup 2^) through ground-truthed methods that included direct observation and ...
From Efficacy to Public Health Impact: A Call for Research on Program Delivery and Utilization in Nutrition1-3
Mar 01, 2008; ... Abstract Despite the high potential of nutrition interventions to save lives and to improve the quality of life of those who survive, programs are not being implemented effectively or at scale in most regions of the world. Research on delivery and utilization is urgently needed to fully ...
A Results Framework Serves Both Program Design and Delivery Science1,2
Mar 01, 2008; ... Abstract Health programmers and researchers must collaborate despite different mandates and technical languages. A results framework is a simple model that both disciplines can use to understand complexity, clarify assumptions and hypotheses, design programs, and ask questions to inform ...
Assessing Supervisory and Motivational Factors in the Context of a Program Evaluation in Rural Haiti1-3
Mar 01, 2008; ... Abstract Staff supervisory and motivational factors were assessed in the context of an ongoing program evaluation in Haiti comparing 2 models of targeting an integrated health and nutrition program. The study objectives were to 1) understand and improve supervisory and motivational ...
Improving Enrollment and Utilization of the Oportunidades Program in Mexico Could Increase Its Effectiveness1,2
Mar 01, 2008; ... Abstract Oportunidades, Mexico's most important antipoverty program, currently with 5 million enrolled households in all regions of the country, has been shown to significantly contribute to improving the nutrition, health, and education of the poor. Because the program has used ...
Differential Community Response to Introduction of Zinc for Childhood Diarrhea and Combination Therapy for Malaria in Southern Mali1,2
Mar 01, 2008; ... Abstract Developing effective, affordable, and sustainable delivery strategies for the isolated low-income populations that stand to gain the most from micronutrient interventions has proven difficult. We discuss our experience with implementation of zinc as treatment for diarrhea in ...
Improving Results for Nutrition: A Commentary on an Agenda and the Need for Implementation Research1,2
Mar 01, 2008; ... Abstract Research and implementation often exist in separate worlds. To improve results for nutrition, the nutrition research community needs to go beyond "what" works to understand "how" it works. If they do not, nutrition research risks becoming irrelevant to the needs of those who ...
Announcements
Mar 01, 2008; ... March 4-6, 2008 5th International Congress on Vegetarian Nutrition. Loma Linda, CA. Sponsored by the Department of Nutrition, Loma Linda University. For information on registration contact: Venice Brown, vbrown@llu.edu or (909) 558-4595. For program inquiries contact ...
Conjugated Linoleic Acid Reduces Body Fat Accretion and Lipogenic Gene Expression in Neonatal Pigs Fed Low- or High-Fat Formulas1-3
Mar 01, 2008; ... Abstract Childhood obesity is an increasing problem and may predispose children to adult obesity. Weight gain during infancy has been linked to excessive weight later in life. Conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) have been shown to reduce fat gain and body fat mass in animal models and in ...
Trans-10, Cis-12 Conjugated Linoleic Acid Antagonizes Ligand-Dependent PPAR[gamma] Activity in Primary Cultures of Human Adipocytes1,2
Mar 01, 2008; ... Abstract We previously demonstrated that trans-10, cis-12 (10,12) conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) causes human adipocyte delipidation, insulin resistance, and inflammation in part by attenuating PPARγ target gene expression. We hypothesized that CLA antagonizes the activity of ...
Oleanolic Acid Induces Prostacyclin Release in Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells through a Cyclooxygenase-2-Dependent Mechanism1,2
Mar 01, 2008; ... Abstract Oleanolic acid is a triterpenoid that may contribute to the cardio-protective effects of olive oil. Our goal was to assess whether oleanolic acid could modulate eicosanoid biosynthesis and to determine the mechanism involved in this effect. Human coronary smooth muscle cells ...