The Journal of Nutrition back issues from June 2008:
ACSL1, AGPAT6, FABP3, LPIN1, and SLC27A6 Are the Most Abundant Isoforms in Bovine Mammary Tissue and Their Expression Is Affected by Stage of Lactation1-3
Jun 01, 2008; ... Abstract The lactating bovine mammary gland is a formidable triacylglycerol-synthesizing machine and, as such, represents an ideal model for studying putative functions of distinct isoforms of solute carrier family 27 transporters [(SLC27A) 1, 2, 3, 5, 6), long chain acyl-CoA synthelases ...
Gene Expression Is Altered in Piglet Small Intestine by Weaning and Dietary Glutamine Supplementation1-3
Jun 01, 2008; ... Abstract Dietary supplementation of glutamine prevents intestinal dysfunction and atrophy in weanling piglets, but the underlying mechanism(s) are largely unknown. This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that weaning or glutamine may modulate expression of genes that are crucial ...
Duodenal Cytochrome B Expression Stimulates Iron Uptake by Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells1,2
Jun 01, 2008; ... Abstract Duodenal cytochrome B (Dcytb) is localized principally in the apical membrane of the enterocyte. It is thought to act as a ferric reductase that furnishes Fe(II), the specific and selective iron species transported by divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) in the duodenal ...
Adipocyte Gene Expression Is Altered in Formerly Obese Mice and As a Function of Diet Composition1-3
Jun 01, 2008; ... Abstract In the development of obesity, the source of excess energy may influence appetite and metabolism. To determine the effects of differences in diet composition in obesity, mice were fed either a high-carbohydrate diet (HC; 10% fat energy) or a high-fat energy-restricted diet (HFR; ...
Retinoids Upregulate Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase and Glyceroneogenesis in Human and Rodent Adipocytes1,2
Jun 01, 2008; ... Abstract Glyceroneogenesis is an important metabolic pathway for fatty acid reesterification in adipose tissue, thereby reducing fatty acid, release. Glyceroneogenesis and cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK-C), which is the key enzyme in this pathway, are both regulated ...
Dietary Flavonoids Differentially Reduce Oxidized LDL-Induced Apoptosis in Human Endothelial Cells: Role of MAPK- and JAK/STAT-Signaling1,2
Jun 01, 2008; ... Abstract Endothelial apoptosis is a driving force in atherosclerosis development. Oxidized LDL promotes inflammatory and thrombotic processes and is highly atherogenic, as it stimulates macrophage cholesterol accumulation and foam cell formation. This study investigated multiple ...
Cats Are Able to Adapt Protein Oxidation to Protein Intake Provided Their Requirement for Dietary Protein Is Met1,2
Jun 01, 2008; ... Abstract Cats require more dietary protein than noncarnivorous species. Earlier work showed that cats lack the ability to regulate hepatic urea cycle enzymes in response to dietary protein concentration. We thus hypothesized that cats are unable to fully adapt protein oxidation to ...
The Muscle Protein Synthetic Response to Carbohydrate and Protein Ingestion Is Not Impaired in Men with Longstanding Type 2 Diabetes1-3
Jun 01, 2008; ... Abstract Protein ingestion stimulates muscle protein synthesis and improves net muscle protein balance. Insulin resistance has been suggested to result in a reduced muscle protein synthetic response to food intake. As such, we hypothesized that type 2 diabetes patients have a impaired ...
Dietary Sugars Stimulate Fatty Acid Synthesis in Adults1-3
Jun 01, 2008; ... Abstract The goal of this study was to determine the magnitude by which acute consumption of fructose in a morning bolus would stimulate lipogenesis (measured by infusion of ^sup 13^C^sub 1^-acetate and analysis by GC-MS) immediately and after a subsequent meal. Six healthy subjects [4 ...
Fish Oil in Combination with High or Low Intakes of Linoleic Acid Lowers Plasma Triacylglycerols but Does Not Affect Other Cardiovascular Risk Markers in Healthy Men1,2
Jun 01, 2008; ... Abstract Both (n-3) long-chain PUFA (LCPUFA) and linoleic acid [LA, 18:2(n-6)] improve cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, but a high-LA intake may weaken the effect of (n-3) LCPUFA. In a controlled, double-blind, 2 × 2-factorial 8-wk intervention, we investigated whether fish oil ...
Early Dietary Intervention with a Mixture of Prebiotic Oligosaccharides Reduces the Incidence of Allergic Manifestations and Infections during the First Two Years of Life1,2
Jun 01, 2008; ... Abstract A mixture of neutral short-chain galactooligosaccharides (scGOS) and long-chain fructooligosaccharides (lcFOS) has been shown to reduce the incidence of atopic dermatitis (AD) and infectious episodes during the first 6 mo of life. This dual protection occurred through the ...
Dietary Calcium and Dairy Products Modulate Oxidative and Inflammatory Stress in Mice and Humans1,2
Jun 01, 2008; ... Abstract We have recently shown 1α,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol increased oxidative stress and inflammatory stress in vitro, whereas suppression of 1α,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol with dietary calcium (Ca) decreased oxidative and inflammatory stress in vivo. However, dairy ...
Quercetin Enhances Epithelial Barrier Function and Increases Claudin-4 Expression in Caco-2 Cells1-3
Jun 01, 2008; ... Abstract Quercetin is the most abundant flavonoid and is assumed to have positive effects on the gastrointestinal mucosa after dietary intake. The aim of the study was to analyze the influence of quercetin on intestinal barrier function using the human colonic epithelial cell line ...
An Extra-Virgin Olive Oil Rich in Polyphenolic Compounds Has Antioxidant Effects in Of1 Mice1,2
Jun 01, 2008; ... Abstract Extra-virgin olive oil (OO) is becoming more important in daily diets due to its beneficial effects on health, most of which are because of its antioxidant content. We studied the antioxidant activity and mechanisms of an extra-virgin OO that is rich in phenolics on pancreatic ...
The Lipid-Lowering Effects of Phytosterols and (n-3) Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Are Synergistic and Complementary in Hyperlipidemic Men and Women1,2
Jun 01, 2008; ... Abstract Fish oils rich in (n-3) long-chain PUFA (LCPUFA) can reduce circulating triglycerides and raise HDL-cholesterol. Phytosterols have been shown to reduce total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol in normocholesterolemic and hyperlipidemic populations. We investigated the combined ...
A Diet High in Protein, Dairy, and Calcium Attenuates Bone Loss over Twelve Months of Weight Loss and Maintenance Relative to a Conventional High-Carbohydrate Diet in Adults1-3
Jun 01, 2008; ... Abstract Weight loss causes bone mineral loss. Higher protein diets continue to be criticized for further potential harmful bone effects, including elevated urinary calcium, but may promote bone health if protein sources include dairy. Overweight middle-aged subjects (n = 130, 59 males) ...
Vitamin A Concentrations in Piglet Extrahepatic Tissues Respond Differently Ten Days after Vitamin A Treatment1,2
Jun 01, 2008; ... Abstract Periodic supplementation to infants and young children is encouraged in developing countries by the WHO. We investigated vitamin A (VA) in extrahepatic tissues of piglets after supplementation with retinyl acetate to determine long-term storage. 3, 4-Didehydroretinyl acetate ...
Serum Metabolite Profiles and Target Tissue Gene Expression Define the Effect of Cholecalciferol Intake on Calcium Metabolism in Rats and Mice1,2
Jun 01, 2008; ... Abstract We studied the effect of cholecalciferol (VD3) intake on VD3 status and markers of calcium (Ca) homeostasis in mice and rats. Serum 25 hydroxycholecalciferol (25OH-VD3) concentrations were increased in animals fed diets containing 400-20,000 international units (IU) VD3/kg (37 ...
Plasma Homocysteine, but Not Folate or Vitamin B-12, Predicts Mortality in Older People in the United Kingdom1,2
Jun 01, 2008; ... Abstract There is uncertainty about the importance of plasma levels of homocysteine, vitamin B-12, and fotate for all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in older people. We examined the associations between plasma levels of folate, vitamin B-12, and homocysteine, and ...
Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Mortality from Cardiovascular Disease Are Inversely Associated in Japanese Women but Not in Men1,2
Jun 01, 2008; ... Abstract Some epidemiological studies undertaken in Western countries have demonstrated that high intake of fruit and vegetables results in decreased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The objective of this study was to examine the hypothesis that high intake of fruit and vegetables ...
Red Blood Cell Docosahexaenoic Acid and Eicosapentaenoic Acid Concentrations Are Positively Associated with Socioeconomic Status in Patients with Established Coronary Artery Disease: Data from the Heart and Soul Study1,2
Jun 01, 2008; ... Abstract Traditional cardiac risk factors only partially explain the biological mechanisms by which persons of lower socioeconomic status (SES) have higher cardiovascular risk. Dietary factors, resulting in lower circulating levels of (n-3) fatty acids, may also contribute to the ...
Fecal Secretory Immunoglobulin A Is Increased in Healthy Infants Who Receive a Formula with Short-Chain Galacto-Oligosaccharides and Long-Chain Fructo-Oligosaccharides1,2
Jun 01, 2008; ... Abstract In this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study, we investigated the effect of an infant milk formula with 6 g/L short-chain galacto- and long-chain fructo-oligosaccharides [(scGOS/lcFOS) ratio 9:11 on the development of the fecal secretory immunoglobulin A (slgA) ...
C-Reactive Protein and Interleukin-6 Are Decreased in Transgenic Sickle Cell Mice Fed a High Protein Diet1,2
Jun 01, 2008; ... Abstract Sickle cell disease is associated with hypermetabolism and a consequent shortage of substrates for normal growth and healthy immune response. The protein:energy ratio is a major determinant of dietary adequacy; the requirement for optimal growth of control mice is 20% of energy ...
Increased Glucose Availability Activates Chicken Thymocyte Metabolism and Survival1
Jun 01, 2008; ... Abstract Glucose metabolism in mammalian thymocytes is coupled to their development and selection in the thymus. In chickens, thymocytes develop in a low glucose concentration in ovo and a high glucose concentration posthatch. To determine the effect of glucose concentration on thymocyte ...
Gene Expression Ratio Stability Evaluation in Prepubertal Bovine Mammary Tissue from Calves Fed Different Milk Replacers Reveals Novel Internal Controls for Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction1,2
Jun 01, 2008; ... Abstract Prepubertal mammary development can be affected by nutrition partly through alterations in gene network expression. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) remains the most accurate method to measure mRNA expression but is subject to analytical errors that introduce variation. Thus, qPCR data ...
Fish Oil Supplementation of Control and (n-3) Fatty Acid-Deficient Male Rats Enhances Reference and Working Memory Performance and Increases Brain Regional Docosahexaenoic Acid Levels1-3
Jun 01, 2008; ... Abstract Most previous studies have focused on improved reference memory and recovery of whole brain docosahexaenoic acid [DHA, 22:6(n-3)] levels in DHA-deficient animals supplemented with fish oil (FO) or switched to an adequate DHA-enriched diet. The aims of this study were to ...
Proteins Activate Satiety-Related Neuronal Pathways in the Brainstem and Hypothalamus of Rats1-3
Jun 01, 2008; ... Abstract Our objective was to study the relationship between the satiety induced by high-protein meals and the activation of brain areas involved in the onset of satiety. In rats, we used immunohistochemistry to monitor brain centers activated by a meal by receiving information from the ...
Statin Treatment as a Confounding Factor in Human Trials with Vitamin E1,2
Jun 01, 2008; ... Abstract Interventional trials with vitamin E have been planned on the assumption that it could reduce atherosclerotic progression via inhibition of oxidative stress. These trials have been conducted in patients at risk for or with cardiovascular disease, but the results have been ...
Are Current Calcium Recommendations for Adolescents Higher than Needed to Achieve Optimal Peak Bone Mass? The Controversy1
Jun 01, 2008; ... Introduction The current dietary reference intakes (DRI)7 for calcium for North America were set by the Food and Nutrition Board a decade ago. As pediatric calcium researchers, we considered the need for revising the recommended intakes for calcium in children in light of issues and ...
Evidence for Health Claims on Foods: How Much is Enough? Introduction and General Remarks1,2
Jun 01, 2008; ... Introduction Through advances in clinical trial design, analytical methodologies for assessing the nature and level of the bioactive constituents, and establishment of processes for systematic assessment of available literature, health claims on foods are becoming increasingly recognized ...
Health Claim Evidence Requirements in Japan1,2
Jun 01, 2008; ... Abstract In the early 1980s the Japanese scientific academy defined a functional food as a food having a tertiary or physiologically active function. The current Japanese "Food with Health Claims" include 2 categories. For the first category, "Food with Nutrient Function Claims," the ...
Scientific Substantiation of Functional Food Health Claims in China1-3
Jun 01, 2008; ... Abstract This article provides an overview of the procedures involved in scientific substantiation of functional food health claims in China. The definition of a functional food is discussed, in addition to the factors that led to its modification in 2005. The framework of administration ...
Evidence for Health Claims: A Perspective from the Australia-New Zealand Region1,2
Jun 01, 2008; ... Abstract Establishing the evidence for health claims involves reviewing the available body of scientific knowledge and linking this to statements meaningful to consumers. This requires an understanding of scientific merit as well as consumer perceptions of health messages. Food Standards ...
Health Claims in Europe: New Legislation and PASSCLAIM for Substantiation1,2
Jun 01, 2008; ... Abstract A regulation on nutrition and health claims made on foods was introduced in the European Union in 2007. This Regulation provides opportunities for the use of health claims on foods in Europe, including reduction of disease risk claims. The Regulation will be fully implemented by ...
Health Claims in the United States: An Aid to the Public or a Source of Confusion?1-3
Jun 01, 2008; ... Abstract Health claims in the United States have been a topic of intense controversy since the mid-1980s. Three categories of claims can currently be used on food and dietary supplement labels in the United States: 1) health claims, 2) nutrient content claims, and 3) structure/function ...
Health Claims on Foods in Canada1-3
Jun 01, 2008; ... Abstract Interest in the health effects of foods by both industry and consumers has put a spotlight on the role of health claims on foods in Canada. The current regulatory framework governing the use of different health claims on foods in Canada is described and compared with ...
Issues Surrounding Health Claims for Barley1-2
Jun 01, 2008; ... Abstract Government-approved health claims support dietary intervention as a safe and practical approach to improving consumer health and provide industry with regulatory guidelines for food product labels. Claims already allowed in the United States, United Kingdom, Sweden, and The ...
Health Effects of Soy Protein and Isoflavones in Humans1-3
Jun 01, 2008; ... Abstract Epidemiological investigations suggest that soy consumption may be associated with a lower incidence of certain chronic diseases. Clinical studies also show that ingestion of soy proteins reduces the risk factors for cardiovascular disease. This led to the approval of the ...
Announcements
Jun 01, 2008; ... June 4-6, 2008 The 2nd Annual Organization for the Study of Sex Differences. New Orleans, LA. The program will consist of opening and closing keynote speakers, seven independent symposia, and two poster sessions. Symposia topics include sex differences in vascular and ...
Diallyl Disulfide and Diallyl Trisulfide Suppress Oxidized LDL-Induced Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule and E-Selectin Expression through Protein Kinase A- and B-Dependent Signaling Pathways1,2
Jun 01, 2008; ... Abstract Uptake of oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) by vascular endothelial cells is a critical step in the initiation and development of atherosclerosis. Adhesion molecules are upregulated by ox-LDL and numerous inflammatory cytokines and play a pivotal role in atherogenesis. In this study, we ...
[alpha]- and [gamma]-Tocopherol Prevent Age-Related Transcriptional Alterations in the Heart and Brain of Mice1-3
Jun 01, 2008; ... Abstract We used high-density oligonucleotide arrays to measure transcriptional alterations in the heart and brain (neocortex) of 30-mo-old B6C3F^sub 1^ mice supplemented with α-tocopherol (γT) and γ-tocopherol (γT) since middle age (15 mo). Gene expression profiles ...
Race and Diet Interactions in the Acquisition, Maintenance, and Loss of Bone1,2
Jun 01, 2008; ... Abstract Racial differences in bone become apparent during puberty. Studies of areal bone mineral density (aBMD) generally show the greatest aBMD in African Americans followed by American white, Hispanic, and Native Americans, with the least aBMD in Asian Americans. Racial differences in ...
Generic and Product-Specific Health Claim Processes for Functional Foods across Global Jurisdictions1-3
Jun 01, 2008; ... Abstract Worldwide consumer interest in functional foods and their potential health benefits has been increasing over the past 10y. To respond to this interest, regulatory bodies have developed guidelines for assessing health claims on functional foods. The objective of this article is ...
The Evidence to Support Health Claims for Probiotics1,2
Jun 01, 2008; ... Abstract As the health benefits of ingesting five bacteria become more evident, foods are now being produced that contain probiotic bacteria. The data to support label health claims for probiotic products are often difficult to provide. The experimental evidence to identify probiotic ...
Nutrient Profiling Can Help Identify Foods of Good Nutritional Quality for Their Price: a Validation Study with Linear Programming1,2
Jun 01, 2008; ... Abstract Nutrient profiling ranks foods based on their nutrient content. They may help identify foods with a good nutritional quality for their price. This hypothesis was tested using diet modeling with linear programming. Analyses were undertaken using food intake data from the ...