The Journal of Nutrition back issues from January 2009:
Minimizing Amino Acid Catabolism Decreases Amino Acid Requirements1
Jan 01, 2009; ... The processes of natural selection shape the efficiency of nutrient use by animals, with some being especially thrifty while others are wasteful. An examination of the widely divergent amino acid economies of diffèrent species vividly illustrates this basic nutritional principle. The domestic ...
Serum Lipid and Antioxidant Responses in Hypercholesterolemia Men and Women Receiving Plant Sterol Esters Vary by Apolipoprotein E Genotype1,2
Jan 01, 2009; ... Abstract Plant sterol esters reduce serum total cholesterol (TC) and LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), but with striking interindividual variability. In this randomized, double-blind, controlled study, serum lipid, plant sterol, fat-soluble vitamin, and carotenoid responses to plant sterols were ...
Saturated Fatty Acid-Mediated Inflammation and Insulin Resistance in Adipose Tissue: Mechanisms of Action and Implications1
Jan 01, 2009; ... Abstract This review highlights the inflammatory and insulin-antagonizing effects of saturated fatty acids (SFA), which contribute to the development of metabolic syndrome. Mechanisms responsible for these unhealthy effects of SFA include: 7) accumulation of diacylglycerol and ceramide; ...
Dietary Stearidonic Acid Is a Long Chain (n-3) Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid with Potential Health Benefits1,2
Jan 01, 2009; ... Abstract The therapeutic and health-promoting effects of (n-3) long-chain PUFA (LCPUFA) from fish are well known, although these same benefits may not be shared by their precursor, α-linolenic acid (ALA). World-wide agencies and scientific organizations (i.e. FDA, AHA, International ...
Clinical Utility of Genotyping the 677C>T Variant of Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase in Humans Is Decreased in the Post-Folic Acid Fortification Era1,2
Jan 01, 2009; ... Abstract Moderate hyperhomocysteinemia is associated with many diseases. Major factors affecting plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) concentrations include folate concentrations and polymorphisms in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene. Because U.S.-mandated fortification of ...
Short-Chain Fatty Acids Induce Intestinal Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Type 6 Expression in Rats and Caco-2 Cells1-3
Jan 01, 2009; ... Abstract Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) are indigestible oligosaccharides that increase calcium absorption by the colorectum in rats, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We therefore investigated the effects of FOS on expressions of genes involved with calcium absorption in rat ...
Targeting of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor-Mediated Activation of Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression by the Indole-3-Carbinol Metabolite 3,3'-Diindolylmethane in Breast Cancer Cells1,2
Jan 01, 2009; ... Abstract Ligands of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) include the environmental xenobiotic 2,3,7,8 tetrachlorodibenzo(p)dioxin (TCDD), polycyclic aryl hydrocarbons, and the dietary compounds 3, 3'-diindolylmethane (DIM), a condensation product of indol-3-carbinol found in Brassica ...
Daily Variations in Dietary Lysine Content Alter the Expression of Genes Related to Proteolysis in Chicken Pectoralis major Muscle1-3
Jan 01, 2009; ... Abstract Amino acids are known to be anabolic factors that affect protein metabolism, but the response of animals to daily amino acid changes is little understood. We aimed to test the effects of feeding birds with alternations of diets varying in lysine content on the expression of ...
Tocotrienol Suppresses Adipocyte Differentiation and Akt Phosphorylation in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes1-3
Jan 01, 2009; ... Abstract In vivo studies show that α-tocotrienol and γ-tocotrienol accumulate in adipose tissue. Furthermore, a recent study reports that the oral administration of γ-tocotrienol from a tocotrienol-rich fraction from palm oil (TRF) decreases body fat levels in rats. The ...
Daily Consumption of an Aqueous Green Tea Extract Supplement Does Not Impair Liver Function or Alter Cardiovascular Disease Risk Biomarkers in Healthy Men1,2
Jan 01, 2009; ... Abstract Regular consumption of green tea polyphenols (GTP) is thought to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) but has also been associated with liver toxicity. The present trial aimed to assess the safety and potential CVD health beneficial effects of daily GTP consumption ....
Impaired Sulfur-Amino Acid Metabolism and Oxidative Stress in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Are Alleviated by Betaine Supplementation in Rats1,2
Jan 01, 2009; ... Abstract Nonalcoholic fatty liver is involved in the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and chronic liver injury. Impairment of hepatic transsulfuration reactions is suggested to be critically linked with alcoholic liver injury, but its role in nonalcoholic fatty liver remains ...
Long-Term Feeding of the cis-9,trans-11 Isomer of Conjugated Linoleic Acid Reinforces the Specific Immune Response in Rats1,2
Jan 01, 2009; ... Abstract Several effects on the immune system have been ascribed to the cis9,trans11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomer. We studied whether feeding a diet enriched with an 80:20 CLA isomer mix of cis9,trans11 and trans10,cis12 CLA from gestation to adulthood affects the capacity of ...
Dietary (n-3) Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Affect the Kinetics of Pro- and Antiinflammatory Responses in Mice with Pseudomonas aeruginosa Lung Infection1-3
Jan 01, 2009; ... Abstract The underlying mechanisms by which eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) affect host resistance to Pseudomonas aeruginosa are unclear. The aim of this study was to determine their role on the kinetic of pro- and antiinflammatory response in lung infection ....
Body Iron Stores and Oxidative Damage in Humans Increased during and after a 10- to 12-Day Undersea Dive1-3
Jan 01, 2009; ... Abstract The National Aeronautics and Space Administration Extreme Environment Mission Operations (NEEMO) underwater habitat is a useful analogue for spaceflight. However, the increased air pressure in the habitat exposes crewmembers to higher oxygen pressures, which increases their risk ...
Green tea Camellia sinensis) Attenuates Nephropathy by Downregulating Nox4 NADPH Oxidase in Diabetic Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats1-3
Jan 01, 2009; ... Abstract Green tea (GT), through its antioxidant properties, may be useful to treat or prevent human diseases. Because several lines of evidence suggest that oxidative stress contributes to the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy, we tested the hypothesis that GT prevents diabetes and ...
Quercetin May Suppress Rat Aberrant Crypt Foci Formation by Suppressing Inflammatory Mediators That Influence Proliferation and Apoptosis1-3
Jan 01, 2009; ... Abstract The flavonoid quercetin suppresses cell proliferation and enhances apoptosis in vitro. In this study, we determined whether quercetin protects against colon cancer by regulating the protein level of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (Pl 3-kinase) and Akt or by suppressing the ...
Long-Term Garlic or Micronutrient Supplementation, but Not Anti-Helicobacter pylori Therapy, Increases Serum Folate or Glutathione Without Affecting Serum Vitamin B-12 or Homocysteine in a Rural Chinese Population1-4
Jan 01, 2009; ... Abstract The effects of a 7.3-y supplementation with garlic and micronutrients and of anti- Helicobacter pylori treatment with amoxicillin (1 g twice daily) and omeprazole (20 mg twice daily) on serum folate, vitamin B-12, homocysteine, and glutathione concentrations were assessed in a ...
Micronutrient Deficiencies Are Associated with Impaired Immune Response and Higher Burden of Respiratory Infections in Elderly Ecuadorians1,2
Jan 01, 2009; ... Abstract The proportion of the Latin American population above age 65 y is expected to rise substantially. To better define the prevalence of infectious diseases and micronutrient deficiencies, assess immunological status, and evaluate associations between nutritional status and ...
Polymorphisms Cyclooxygenase-2 -765G>C and lnterleukin-6 -174G>C Are Associated with Serum Inflammation Markers in a High Cardiovascular Risk Population and Do Not Modify the Response to a Mediterranean Diet Supplemented with Virgin Olive Oil or Nuts1-3
Jan 01, 2009; ... Abstract Inflammation is involved in cardiovascular diseases. Some studies have found that the Mediterranean diet (MD) can reduce serum concentrations of inflammation markers. However, none of these studies have analyzed the influence of genetic variability in such a response. Our ...
Development of Food-Based Complementary Feeding Recommendations for 9- to 11-Month-Old Peri-Urban Indonesian Infants Using Linear Programming1,2
Jan 01, 2009; ... Abstract Effective population-specific, food-based complementary feeding recommendations (CFR) are required to combat micronutrient deficiencies. To facilitate their formulation, a modeling approach was recently developed. However, it has not yet been used in practice. This study ...
Restricting Snacks in U.S. Elementary Schools Is Associated with Higher Frequency of Fruit and Vegetable Consumption1,2
Jan 01, 2009; ... Abstract Efforts are needed to improve U.S. children's poor diet quality. Our purpose was to examine whether a policy that restricts the availability of snack foods in the schools is associated with greater fruit and vegetable consumption in a nationally representative sample of 5th ...
Dietary Fat Concentration Influences the Effects of frans-10, cis-12 Conjugated Linoleic Acid on Temporal Patterns of Energy Intake and Hypothalamic Expression of Appetite-Controlling Genes in Mice1-3
Jan 01, 2009; ... Abstract This study tested the hypothesis that the effect of trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (t10, c12 CLA) on energy intake (EI) and body weight (BW)/composition is confounded by dietary fat concentration and involves hypothalamic appetite-controlling mechanisms. ICR mice ...
Introduction to "Advances in Understanding of the Biological Role of Biotin at the Clinical, Biochemical, and Molecular Level"1,2
Jan 01, 2009; ... This symposium highlighted the significance of biotin status for the health of the whole organism and explored the cell biological and biochemical mechanisms of biotin's action. In view of recent studies of a wide range of organisms, including humans, indicating that biotin status influences ...
Marginal Biotin Deficiency is Common in Normal Human Pregnancy and Is Highly Teratogenic in Mice1-3
Jan 01, 2009; ... Abstract In studies of marginal biotin deficiency induced experimentally in adults, increased urinary excretion of 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid (3HIA), which likely reflects decreased activity of the biotin-dependent enzyme β-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase, and decreased activity of ...
Cell and Molecular Aspects of Human Intestinal Biotin Absorption1-3
Jan 01, 2009; ... Abstract Humans cannot synthesize biotin and thus must obtain this vitamin from exogenous sources. The intestine is exposed to 2 sources of biotin: a dietary source and a bacterial source, which is normal microflora of the large intestine. Dietary protein-bound biotin is converted to ...
Sodium-Dependent Multivitamin Transporter Gene is Regulated at the Chromatin Level by Histone Biotinylation in Human Jurkat Lymphoblastoma Cells1-3
Jan 01, 2009; ... Abstract The sodium-dependent multivitamin transporter (SMVT) is essential for mediating and regulating biotin entry into mammalian cells. In cells, holocarboxylase synthetase (HCS) mediates covalent binding of biotin to histones; biotinylation of lysine-12 in histone H4 (K12BioH4) ...
Biotin Sensing at the Molecular Level1-3
Jan 01, 2009; ... Abstract Biotin influences transcription in organisms from bacteria to humans. The enzyme, biotin protein ligase, which catalyzes post-transcriptional biotin addition to biotin-dependent carboxylases, plays a central roll in transmitting the demand for biotin to gene expression. The ...
Research in the Agricultural Research Service/USDA: Introduction and Early History1,2
Jan 01, 2009; ... Introduction The funding of research by the United States government requires authorization by the Congress, appropriation by the Congress, and distribution by an executive agency of the government. The first such funding for federal intramural research on human nutrition was authorized ...
The Origin and Evolution of the Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, 1970-901-4
Jan 01, 2009; ... Abstract In the early 1960s William E. Cornatzer, MD, PhD suggested the need for increased USDA research concerning human nutrition and creation of the Grand Forks Human Nutrition Laboratory (later the Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center). He shared ideas with Senator Milton R ....
Legacy of Wilbur O. Atwater: Human Nutrition Research Expansion at the USDA-Interagency Development of Food Composition Research1,2
Jan 01, 2009; ... Abstract The systematic chemical analysis of foods for human consumption in the United States had its origin with Wilbur O. Atwater. This activity began in the 1860s while Atwater was a student at Yale University and continued through his tenures at Wesleyan University and the Storrs ...
USDA Human Nutrition Center, 1978-1982, and Coordination of Human Nutrition Research Agencies1,2
Jan 01, 2009; ... Abstract Survey findings, confirming widespread malnutrition, led to the 1969 White House Conference on Food, Nutrition, and Health and increased funding of related Federal programs. In 1976, the ARS Administrator proposed to Congress a greatly expanded program for human nutrition ...
History of the USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University1,2
Jan 01, 2009; ... Introduction The Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging (HNRCA) at Tufts University, although quite a mouthful, is aptly named because it has contributed substantially to the legacy of Jean Mayer, to the scientific stature of the USDA, ...
Establishment of the USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center at Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital in 1978(1-3)
Jan 01, 2009; ... Abstract The Children's Nutrition Research Center (CNRC) is a unique cooperative venture among Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, and the USDA/Agricultural Research Service. The CNRC is dedicated to defining the nutrient needs of children, from conception through ...
ERRATUM
Jan 01, 2009; ... Ohkawara S, Furuya H, Nagashima K, Asanuma N, Hino T (2005). Oral administration of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, a butyrate-producing bacterium, decreases the formation of aberrant crypt foci in the colon and rectum of mice. J Nutr. 135:2878-83. On page 2879, MATERIALS AND ...
Announcements
Jan 01, 2009; ... February 1-4, 2009 American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN) Clinical Nutrition Week. New Orleans, LA. Internet: http://www.nutritioncare.org/ClinicalNutritionWeek/. March 10-14, 2009 ASN Co-sponsors the American Heart Association (AHA) ...
Sweet Potato [beta]-Carotene Bioefficacy Is Enhanced by Dietary Fat and Not Reduced by Soluble Fiber Intake in Mongolian Gerbils1,2
Jan 01, 2009; ... Abstract Orange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) is an important source of β-carotene (βC). Provitamin A bioefficacy from plant foods is influenced by dietary fat and fiber. We fed 3% OFSP powder diets with varying amounts of fat and soluble fiber to vitamin A (VA)-depleted ...
Transforming Growth Factor-[beta] Activity in Commercially Available Pasteurized Cow Milk Provides Protection against Inflammation in Mice1,2
Jan 01, 2009; ... Abstract Cow milk contains a large amount of an immunoregulatory cytokine, transforming growth factor-& (TGFβ). The present study investigated whether commercially available pasteurized cow milk retains TGFβ activity both in vitro and in vivo. Some commercial cow milk ...
Intake of Flavonoid-Rich Wine, Tea, and Chocolate by Elderly Men and Women Is Associated with Better Cognitive Test Performance1-3
Jan 01, 2009; ... Abstract In a cross-sectional study, we examined the relation between intake of 3 common foodstuffs that contain flavonoids (chocolate, wine, and tea) and cognitive performance. 2031 participants (70-74 y, 55% women) recruited from the population-based Hordaland Health Study in Norway ...