The Middle East Journal back issues from July 1996:
Editor's note
Jul 01, 1996; ... The "Editorial Forward," as the Editor's Note was called in the first issue of The Middle East Journal, of January 1947, noted that: Now that the Middle East is very near the United States in point of time-distance and almost equally near the United States with respect to matters of ...
To play the hegemon: Fifty years of US policy toward the Middle East
Jul 01, 1996; ... Today the United States stands as the dominant power over the Middle East. This paper first reviews how Washington successfully pursued its three main objectivesIsrael, oil and anti-communism-in the post-World War II period. It then analyzes the present US Middle East policy-making process, and ...
Turkish perspectives on Turkish-US relations concerning Persian Gulf security in the post-Cold War era: 1989-1995
Jul 01, 1996; ... This study analyzes the impact of the global and regional developments in the post-Cold War era on Turkish-US relations concerning Persian Gulf security from a Turkish perspective. It suggests that despite continuities in Turkey's perspective of the state of its alliance with the United States ...
God, the king and the nation: Political rhetoric in Saudi Arabia in the 1990s
Jul 01, 1996; ... This article highlights the importance of political rhetoric in Saudi Arabia after the Gulf War. An ethnographic reading of King Fahd bin-'Abd al-'Aziz's speech of 2 March 1992 highlights the ideological constructions surrounding the introduction of three reforms in the country: the Basic Law of ...
The crescent and the sword: Islam, the military, and political legitimacy in Pakistan, 1977-1985
Jul 01, 1996; ... The purpose of this study is to test the hypothesis that military regimes are inherently unstable because they lack the essential political skills of persuasive communication, bargaining, mass appeal, and the development of new political strategies for survival and legitimacy. It is argued here ...
Middle East conflicts and middle level power intervention in the Horn of Africa
Jul 01, 1996; ... This article examines political-military intervention by Middle Eastern states in the Horn of Africa during the post-Suez (1956) period. Five Middle Eastern conflicts/ rivalries have been played out in the Horn through the years: the Arab Cold War (1958-67), the Arab-Israeli conflict, the ...
Chronology: Arab-Israeli conflict
Jul 01, 1996; ... ABBREVIATIONS FBIS, Foreign Broadcast Information Service Daily Report-Middle East & North Africa and South Asia; Western Europe FT, The Financial Times JP, The Jerusalem Post NYT, The New York Times WP, The Washington Post WSJ, The Wall ...
Chronology: Central Asia and Transcaucasia
Jul 01, 1996; ... 1996 Jan. 23: It was reported that unknown assailants had killed Mufti Fatkhulla Shapirov, the progovernment head of Tajikistan's Muslim community. Four others died in the attack. Shapirov had been instrumental in promoting talks between the government and opposition groups. [1/23 FT] ...
Chronology: Petroleum affairs
Jul 01, 1996; ... 1996 Jan. 18: Azerbaijan and Russia signed an agreement to transfer five million tons of oil per year through Russian pipelines from Azerbaijan to Novorossisk, on the Black Sea. [1/19 FT] Jan. 30: It was reported that the Algerian stateowned oil firm Sonatraack signed a $950 ...
Chronology: Regional affairs
Jul 01, 1996; ... 1996 Jan. 16: Israel and Jordan signed an agreement facilitating air, water, and land transport between the two countries. [1/17 FT] Iran and Kazakhstan signed agreements of cooperation on investment, trade, and oil transport. [1/19 FBIS] In Kuwait, Iranian foreign ...
Chronology: Afghanistan
Jul 01, 1996; ... 1996 Jan. 25: Kabul radio reported that a rocket attack by Taliban forces had killed one and wounded two others in Kabul. [1/26 FBIS] Jan. 27: Tehran radio reported severe food and fuel shortages in Kabul, resulting from the blockade of the city by anti-government forces. [1/29 ...
Chronology: Algeria
Jul 01, 1996; ... 1996 Jan. 18: National Liberation Front (FLN) secretary general 'Abd al-Hamid Mihri resigned from his post. Bu'alam bin-Hamuda was elected to replace Mihri. [1/18 FBIS, 1/19 FT, FBIS) Algeria and Spain signed a $900 million development and trade agreement. [1/19 FBIS] ...
Chronology: Bahrain
Jul 01, 1996; ... 1996 Jan. 18: In Manama, a bomb exploded in the Meridian Hotel, the site of an international oil conference. There were no casualties. [ 1/19 FBIS] Jan. 19: In a village near Manama, Shi'ite youths clashed with security forces. Security forces reported arresting an unspecified ...
Chronology: Cyprus / Egypt
Jul 01, 1996; ... 1996 Feb. 5: Greek diplomatic protests prevented a planned visit by US assistant secretary of state Richard Holbrooke, who was to have attempted a diplomatic push to negotiate a settlement in Cyprus. [2/6 WP] Mar. 3: Turkish Cypriot ...
Chronology: Iran
Jul 01, 1996; ... 1996 Jan. 22: In Tehran, a trial began of six former military officers and businessmen charged with spying for Israel and the United States. [1/23 FBIS] Jan. 25: Opposition radio reported that authorities had arrested five followers of the oppositionist Ayatollah Shaybani ....
Chronology: Iraq
Jul 01, 1996; ... 1996 Jan. 17: The Moscow-based Itar-Tass news service reported that Qusay Husayn, the chief of security and the son of Iraqi president Saddam Husayn, had survived an assassination attempt in a palm grove 46 kilometers from Baghdad. [1/18 FBIS] Jan. 18: The government informed ...
Chronology: Israel
Jul 01, 1996; ... See also,Arab-Israeli Conflict, Regional Affairs, Lebanon 1996 Jan. 16: In Bonn, Israeli president Ezer Weizman addressed the German Bundestag. [1/17 NYT] Jan. 24: The government acknowledged that blood donated by Ethiopian Jewish immigrants had been discarded due to ...
Chronology: Jordan
Jul 01, 1996; ... 1996 Feb. 4: King Husayn named `Abd al-Karim al-Kabariti as prime minister, defense minister, and foreign minister. The following cabinet was appointed: 'Abdallah al-Nusayr, Higher Education 'Awad Khulayfat, Interior 'Abd al-Hadi al-Majali, Public Works and ...
Chronology: Kuwait / Lebanon
Jul 01, 1996; ... Kuwait 1996 Feb. 11: The council of ministers approved a five-year economic development plan. [2/12 FBIS] Apr. 14: Kuwait announced it would establish diplomatic relations with Mozambique. [4/16 FBIS] Lebanon 1996 Jan. 22: The Beirut Stock ...
Chronology: Libya / Morocco / Oman
Jul 01, 1996; ... Libya 1996 Jan. 24: In Libya, US Nation of Islam leader Louis Farrakhan met with Libyan head of state Mu'ammar Qadhdhafi to discuss mobilizing African-Americans to influence US elections. [1/25, 1/26 WP] Feb. 9: Opposition sources reported that a court issued death-sentences to ...
Chronology: Pakistan
Jul 01, 1996; ... 1996 Jan. 18: In Lahore, a bomb destroyed the Dyal Singh College library and wounded 23 people. [1/18 FBIS] Also in Lahore, a bomb exploded in a pharmacy, wounding five people. [1/19 FBIS] Jan. 20: Police reported killing five "terrorists" in Karachi. [1/22 FBIS] ...
Chronology: Palestine / Qatar / Saudi Arabia
Jul 01, 1996; ... Palestine 1996 Jan. 20: In Palestinian elections, 75 percent of eligible voters turned out to elect PLO chairman Yasir Arafat as the President of the Palestinian Council, an 88-member body which was also elected. Arafat won 88 percent of the vote, and his Fatah party secured 50 of the ...
Chronology: Sudan / Syria
Jul 01, 1996; ... Sudan 1996 Jan. 21: The Umma party reported that authorities had arrested parliamentary deputy 'Abd-alRahman abu al-Bishr in early January 1996. [1/26 FBIS] Jan. 31: Cairo radio reported that police had clashed with protestors in a locality north of Khartoum. [2/1 ...
Chronology: Tunisia / Turkey
Jul 01, 1996; ... Tunisia 1996 Feb. 22: Opposition leader Khemais Shamari began a hunger strike to protest harassment by authorities. [3/8 FBIS] Feb. 29: A court sentenced Muhammad Mu'aada, leader of the opposition party Movement of Social Democrats (MDS), to 11-years' imprisonment for ...
Chronology: United Arab Emirates / Yemen
Jul 01, 1996; ... United Arab Emirates 1996 Feb. 18: Shaykh Sultan bin-Khalifa al-Nuhayyan, grandson of UAE president Zayid bin-Sultan al-Nuhayyan, violated a US court order to testify in a $44 million lawsuit involving a boating accident in which a US citizen was injured. He did not present ...
Afghanistan: From Holy War to Civil War / The Search for Peace in Afghanistan: From Buffer State to Failed State
Jul 01, 1996; ... Afghanistan: From Holy War to Civil War, by Olivier Roy. Princeton, NJ: Darwin Press, 1995. 124 pages. Gloss. to p. 127. Bibl. to p. 131. Index to p. 142. $24.95. The Search for Peace in Afghanistan: From Buffer State to Failed State, by Barnett R. Rubin. New Haven and London: Yale ...
Entre Nation et Jihad: Histoire sociale des radicalismes algeriens
Jul 01, 1996; ... Entre Nation et Jihad: Histoire sociale des radicalismes algeriens, by Omar Carlier. Paris: Presses de la Fondation nationale des sciences politiques, 1995. 400 pages. Gloss. to p. 415. Chron. to p. 424. Bibl. to p. 434. Sources to p. 436. Index to p. 443. FF 258. Reviewed by Yahia H ....
The Nubians of West Aswan: Village Women in the Midst of Change
Jul 01, 1996; ... The Nubians of West Aswan: Village Women in the Midst of Change, by Anne M. Jennings. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1995. xii + 149 pages. Gloss. to p. 155. Bibl. to p. 169. Index to p. 177. About the Book to p. 179. $40 cloth; $17.95 paper. Reviewed by Richard Lobban ...
Myth and Mobilization in Revolutionary Iran: The Use of the Friday Congregational Sermon
Jul 01, 1996; ... Myth and Mobilization in Revolutionary Iran: The Use of the Friday Congregational Sermon, by Haggay Ram. Washington DC: American University Press, 1994. xiii + 23' pages. Bibl. to p. 249. Index to p. 261. About the Author to p. 263. $59. The importance of this book lies more in its ...
Women and the Political Process in Twentieth-Century Iran
Jul 01, 1996; ... Women and the Political Process in Twentieth-Century Iran, by Parvin Paidar. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995. xvi + 363 pages. Gloss. to p. 367. Refs. to p. 390. Index to p. 401. $59.95. Reviewed by Guity Nashat Although women have been active in Iranian politics throughout ...
Iraq: The Search for National Identity
Jul 01, 1996; ... Iraq: The Search for National Identity, by Liora Lukitz. London: Frank Cass, 1995. xi + 159 pages. Notes to p. 183. Gloss. to p. 190. Index to p. 212. $32.50. Reviewed by Tareq Y. Ismael In Iraq: The Search for National Identity, Liora Lukitz sets out to "search Iraq's past in ...
Uprooted in Old Age: Soviet Jews and Their Social Networks in Israel
Jul 01, 1996; ... Uprooted in Old Age: Soviet Jews and Their Social Networks in Israel, by Howard Litwin. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1995. vii + 176 pages. Append. to p. 178. Select Bibl. to p. 187. Index to p. 193. $52.95. Reviewed by Steven J. Gold Since the late 1960s, close to 800,000 ...
Oman and the World: The Emergence of an Independent Foreign Policy
Jul 01, 1996; ... Oman and the World: The Emergence of an Independent Foreign Policy, by Joseph A. Kechichian. Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 1995. xxvi + 258 pages. Appends. to p. 353. Bibl. to p. 400. Index to p. 408. About the Author to p. 409. n.p. paper. Reviewed by Calvin N. Allen, Jr. In this ...
Music in the Jewish Community of Palestine, 1880-1948: A Social History
Jul 01, 1996; ... Music in the Jewish Community of Palestine, 1880-1948: A Social History, by Jehoash Hirshberg. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995. vii + 276 pages. Bibl. to p. 286. Index to p. 297. $55. Reviewed by Robert Fleisher Hebrew University musicologist Jehoash Hirshberg has long ...
Refugees unto the Third Generation: UN Aid to Palestinians
Jul 01, 1996; ... Refugees unto the Third Generation: UN Aid to Palestinians, by Benjamin N. Schiff. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1995. xvi + 285 pages. Appends. to p. 298. Notes to p. 318. Bibl. to p. 325. Index to p. 337. $49.95. Reviewed by Elaine C. Hagopian Benjamin Schiff's ...
The Bedouins and the Desert: Aspects of Nomadic Life in the Arab East
Jul 01, 1996; ... The Bedouins and the Desert: Aspects of Nomadic Life in the Arab East, by Jibrail S. Jabbur. Tr. by Lawrence I. Conrad. Ed. by Suhayl J. Jabbur and Lawrence I. Conrad. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1995. xxix + 537 pages. Appends. to p. 642. Bibl. to p. 653. Index to p. 670 ....
Fallen Pillars: U.S. Policy towards Palestine and Israel Since 1945 / Securing the Covenant: United States-Israel Relations After the Cold War
Jul 01, 1996; ... Fallen Pillars: U.S. Policy towards Palestine and Israel Since 1945, by Donald Neff. Washington: Institute for Palestine Studies, 1995. xii + 187 pages. Appends. to p. 272. Notes to p. 323. Bibl. to p. 336. Index to p. 350. $15 paper. Securing the Covenant: United States-Israel Relations After ...
Human Rights and Reform: Changing the Face of North African Politics
Jul 01, 1996; ... Human Rights and Reform: Changing the Face of North African Politics, by Susan E. Waltz. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1995. xiv + 237 pages. Notes to p. 269. Index to p. 281. $45 cloth; $16 paper. Reviewed by Maryam Elahi The human rights movement ...
Intellectual Origins of Islamic Resurgence in the Modern Arab World
Jul 01, 1996; ... Intellectual Origins of Islamic Resurgence in the Modern Arab World, by Ibrahim M. Abu-Rabi`. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1996. xii + 264 pages. Notes to p. 333. Bibl. to p. 365. Index to p. 370. $19.95 paper. Contrary to the view that a "total vacuum of Islamic ...
Secret War in the Middle East: The Covert Struggle for Syria, 1949-1961
Jul 01, 1996; ... Secret War in the Middle East: The Covert Struggle for Syria, 1949-1961, by Andrew Rathmell. London and New York: I.B. Tauris Publishers, 1995. x + 168 pages. Notes to p. 221. Appends. to p. 226. Bibl. to p. 237. Index to p. 246. $59.50. Reviewed by Richard B. Parker This is a ...
The Social Origins of the Iran-Iraq War
Jul 01, 1996; ... The Social Origins of the Iran-Iraq War, by W. Thom Workman. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1994. x + 174 pages. Index to p. 178. $35. Reviewed by Louay Bahry The Iran-Iraq war, with eight years of active hostilities (1980-88), was the longest conventional war fought in ...
U.S. Policy on Palestine: From Wilson to Clinton
Jul 01, 1996; ... U.S. Policy on Palestine: From Wilson to Clinton, ed. by Michael W. Suleiman. Normal, IL: Association of Arab-American University Graduates Press, 1995. vi + 244 pages. Bibl. to p. 253. Contribs. to p. 256. Index to p. 263. $15.95 paper. Reviewed by Fawaz A. Gerges United ...
The Rise of Early Modern Science: Islam, China, and the West
Jul 01, 1996; ... The Rise of Early Modern Science: Islam, China, and the West, by Toby E. Huff. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995. xiv + 364 pages. Bibl. to p. 386. Index to p. 409. $54.95 cloth; $18.95 paper. Any comparative study of genesis and evolution of the paradigmatic form ...
Women's Orients: English Women and the Middle East, 1718-1918. Sexuality, Religion and Work
Jul 01, 1996; ... Women's Orients: English Women and the Middle East, 1718-1918. Sexuality, Religion and Work, by Billie Melman. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1995. xxix + 317 pages. Appends. to p. 339. Notes to p. 375. Bibl. to p. 397. Index to p. 417. $16.95. Reviewed by Margaret L ....
Communications
Jul 01, 1996; ... The JOURNAL welcomes comments from its readers. All communications should be addressed to the Editor and bear the full name and address of the writer. A selection of those received will be published periodically in these columns. When a comment is received regarding an article or review ...