Recently added articles from Transactions of the American Philosophical Society:
Introduction: The Letters, Their Author, and Her Times
Jul 01, 2008; ... Sophie de Grouchy's Letters on Sympathy (Lettres sur la sympathie) appeared in 1798 as an appendix to her translation of Adam Smith's Theory of Moral Sentiments (henceforth TMS). Smith, the economist and author of The Wealth of Nations (1776), published the first edition of The Theory of Moral ...
Letters on Sympathy
Jul 01, 2008; ... Part II Translator's Preface This project came to me more or less by accident, and the effort to render Sophie de Grouchy's Lettres sur la sympathie into English was already advanced when I assumed the role of translator. I first learned about Sophie de Grouchy and her Letters ...
Morality and Happiness
Jul 01, 2008; ... Chapter 4 The relation between morality and happiness is, of course, not a new theme in philosophy. Smith and de Grouchy address this issue in the context of their theories and again offer different views concerning the questions of what happiness consists of, and why it is that being ...
Sophie de Grouchy and Feminist Ethics
Jul 01, 2008; ... Chapter 5 Half a century ago the historian Louis Gottschalk distinguished between posthumous reputation and historical or philosophical influence.1 No one can claim that Sophie de Grouchy influenced modern feminist ethics in any way since no historical connection is apparent, and indeed, ...
On Sympathy
Jul 01, 2008; ... Chapter 1 As outlined in the introduction, Sophie de Grouchy's eight Letters on Sympathy of 1798 emerged out of a long and complex tradition of sensationalist psychology and epistemology that stretched back to the seventeenth century and John Locke. At the same time, her Letters are ...
Introductory Note
Jan 01, 2008; ... THE AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY is particularly pleased to publish Dashkova because Princess Ekaterina Dashkova was admired by our founder, Benjamin Franklin, and because on his nomination she became the first female member of the Society. Publication of this volume follows a very successful ...
Author's Note
Jan 01, 2008; ... I WOULD LIKE TO THANK the numerous specialists, archivists, and librarians in Russia, the Ukraine, France, England, Ireland, and the United States who have, over the years, aided me in my research. No one took greater interest in this work, nor followed its progress more closely than my wife, ...
Introduction
Jan 01, 2008; ... ON JANUARY 26, 1781, Benjamin Franklin left the Hôtel de Valentinois, his stately residence overlooking the river Seine in the village of Passy. He rode in his carriage through Paris to the Hôtel de la Chine in the Marais district of the city where the Russian princess Ekaterina Dashkova was ...
Education and Enlightenment
Jan 01, 2008; ... DASHKOVA WAS BORN MARCH 17, 1743, in St. Petersburg, the new capital of Russia, during an unprecedented age of women's rule.1 Peter the Great founded the city only forty years earlier as a symbol of his determination to break with Russia's past and to improve links with the West. His imposition ...
Conspiracy
Jan 01, 2008; ... WITH CHARACTERISTIC ENERGY, Dashkova prepared herself for a life allowing her to escape the stifling confinement of her childhood and to live beyond the restrictive possibilities available to most women of the time. Always eager to learn more about other countries, cultures, and forms of ...
The Coup
Jan 01, 2008; ... PARTICIPATION IN THE COUP D'ÉTAT of 1762 was the one event that would forever define Dashkova's future. It marked her entrance onto the stage of world affairs. It was a night when the masquerades of her youth, the disguises she assumed throughout her life, and questions of gender and identity ...
Banishment
Jan 01, 2008; ... EVENTS AT COURT ASSOCIATED WITH CATHERINE and a proximity to power shaped and determined Dashkova's expectations and disappointments. Early on, these events included her first meeting with Catherine in 1759, the palace revolution of 1762, and the discovery of Orlov in Catherine's boudoir. The ...
First Journey Abroad
Jan 01, 2008; ... IN DECEMBER 1769, DASHKOVA DEPARTED on a journey lasting two years and taking her to the countries of continental Europe and on to England. Disheartened and angered by her rejection at court, she was nevertheless determined to restore her standing with Catherine. Travel would offer her the ...
Second Journey Abroad
Jan 01, 2008; ... BECAUSE OF HER EXCLUSION from the court, Dashkova could not congratulate the empress personally on the Russian victories over Turkey. Instead, she sent her a work by Angelica Kauffinann, the Swiss-born painter Dashkova admired, who was known for her portraits and historical scenes and who was ...
The Academy of Sciences
Jan 01, 2008; ... DASHKOVA COULD NOT HAVE IMAGINED the degree to which her standing had improved at court, but her prudent behavior abroad was now paying dividends, and soon she would be appointed to an administrative position never before held by a woman in Russia. She returned to St. Petersburg in the summer of ...
The Russian Academy
Jan 01, 2008; ... THE YEARS OF HER DIRECTORSHIP were not devoted entirely to running the Academy of Sciences. During the first several years particularly, she was part of the court and high society life of St. Petersburg, attending more than ever before functions at the Winter Palace, performances at the ...
A Woman of Letters
Jan 01, 2008; ... LIKE CATHERINE, DASHKOVA WROTE plays, memoirs, became involved in linguistics, and published articles in what she considered her areas of greatest competence and interest - education, literature, and history. Her most active and productive period of literary activity coincided with the ...
Estrangement
Jan 01, 2008; ... GRIEF, ANGER, LOSS, AND ENDLESS DISPUTES at home and at court characterized the years of Dashkova's administration of the two academies as she carried out her duties and attended the empress. She was greatly saddened when she learned of Diderot's death in 1784. "His death was a great grief to me ...
Troitskoe and Korotovo
Jan 01, 2008; ... A GENERAL SENSE OF SEPARATION and the immediacy of exile to the north of Russia marked the final period of Dashkova's life from 1794 to her death in 1810. On July 28, 1794, Zavadovskii wrote Simon that Dashkova was planning to leave the capital. "She is unhappy. You know yourself her personality ...
The Final Years
Jan 01, 2008; ... DURING THE LAST DECADE OF HER LIFE, which corresponded to the first decade of the new century, Dashkova lived on her estate in the spring and summer and in Moscow in the fall and winter. The visit of the sisters Martha and Catherine Wilmot for a time rejuvenated Dashkova, distracting her from ...