US Fed News Service, Including US State News back issues from Tuesday, September 19:
McDonnell Douglas Helicopter Wins $358,905 Contract
Sep 19, 2006 ... REDSTONE ARSENAL, Ala., Sept. 19 -- The U.S. Army has awarded a $358,905 contract to McDonnell Douglas Helicopter Co., Mesa, Ariz., for aircraft maintenance and repair shop specialized equipment. The contract was awarded by the U.S. Army Aviation & Missile Command, Redstone Arsenal, ...
Florida Inventor Develops Combustion Stability Improvement Method
Sep 19, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Sept. 19 -- Vincent C. Martling of Jupiter, Fla., and James H. Leahy Jr. of Tequesta, Fla., have developed a method of providing uniform steam flow to a plurality of fuel nozzle assemblies about a gas turbine engine. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: ...
U.S., Taiwanese Inventors Develop Magnetic Random Access Memory Device
Sep 19, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Sept. 19 -- Wen Chin Lin and Chao-Hsiung Wang, both of Hsinchu, Taiwan, Li-shyue Lai of Jhube, Taiwan, and Denny Tang of Saratoga, Calif., have developed a magnetic random access memory device (MRAM) and the method for forming the same. According to the U.S. Patent & ...
Florida Inventor Develops Hosiery Item
Sep 19, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Sept. 19 -- Linda A Doorley of Cape Coral, Fla., has developed an article of clothing for covering a foot and at least a portion of an ankle of a wearer. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "A hosiery item includes an upper part for covering the foot and ...
Canadian Inventor Develops Cap Sunshade
Sep 19, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Sept. 19 -- Randall Frederick Otterson of Nova Scotia, Canada, has developed a sunshade for a cap having a visor. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "A sunshade for use with a cap is made from a thin, tinted, resilient plastic sheet which is attached to ...
Minnesota Inventors Develop Medical Lead Electrical Connectors
Sep 19, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Sept. 19 -- Shahn S. Sage of Andover, Minn., Jeffrey S. Gagnon of Champlin, Minn., and Jane L. Kohnen of Minneapolis, have developed electrical connectors for medical lead having weld-less wiring connection. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office, the ...
Ohio Inventors Develop Combuster Swirler Assembly Method
Sep 19, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Sept. 19 -- Thomas Anthony Leen and John Robert Staker, both of Cincinnati, and Marwan Al-Roub of Hamilton, Ohio, have developed swirler assemblies for supplying compressed air to the combustor of gas turbine engines. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office, ...
Italian Inventor Develops Wireless Remote Control System for Yachts
Sep 19, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Sept. 19 -- Giuseppe Brianza of Milan, Italy, has developed a wireless remote control system that enables precise control of a yacht, or other vessel, from virtually any point on the yacht. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "A hand-held transmitter ...
California Inventors Develop Ornamental Design for Memory Device
Sep 19, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Sept. 19 -- Randy C. Lee of Mountain View, Calif., James C. Patton of Salinas, Calif., and Thomas J. Beck of Los Gatos, Calif., have developed an ornamental design for a memory device with release button for use with cellular telephones, the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office ...
Minnesota Inventor Develops Fairlead Frame Securing Offshore Structure
Sep 19, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Sept. 19 -- Alvin J. Niebur of Hastings, Minn., has developed a fairlead for guiding and securing an anchor chain between an offshore structure and an anchor. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "The fairlead comprises a fairlead frame, a pivoting latch, ...
New York Inventors Develop Condensate Removal System
Sep 19, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Sept. 19 -- Roger R. Schmidt and Robert E. Simons, both of Poughkeepsie, N.Y., Richard C. Chu of Hopewell Junction, N.Y., and Michael J. Ellsworth Jr. of Lagrangeville, N.Y., have developed a system and a method for removing condensate from an air-to-liquid heat exchanger of a ...
Florida Inventor Develops Substantially Adjacent Component Stagnation Reduction System
Sep 19, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Sept. 19 -- Ricardo Ferreira Moraes of Orlando, Fla., has developed a system for reducing flow stagnation between substantially adjacent components and enhancing heat distribution of the components. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "Aspects of the ...
Japanese Inventors Develop Optical Scanner
Sep 19, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Sept. 19 -- Yoshinori Hayashi and Hiromichi Atsuumi, both of Kanagawa, Japan, and Yasutaka Izumi of Tokyo, have developed an optical scanner and image forming apparatus. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "An optical scanner includes a light source, an ...
South Korean Inventor Develops Refrigerator Door Gasket Protection Apparatus
Sep 19, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Sept. 19 -- Chang-bong Choi of Changwon, South Korea, has developed an apparatus for protecting a door gasket of a refrigerator. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "The apparatus includes a cushioning member positioned either on a door or on a main body ...
Japanese Inventor Develops Image Processing Device
Sep 19, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Sept. 19 -- Gaku Takano of Yokohama, Japan, has developed an image processing device and a method for controlling the same. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "An image input module inputs image signals which have different sampling rates. Based on a ...
South Carolina Inventors Develop Hand Exercise Device
Sep 19, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Sept. 19 -- John Patrick Smith of Mount Pleasant, S.C., has developed exercise devices for the hand and forearm. An abstract of the invention, released by the Patent & Trademark Office, said: "A device for exercising hand and forearm muscles includes: a ...
California Inventors Develop Active Pixel
Sep 19, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Sept. 19 -- Xinping He of San Jose, Calif., Chih-Huei Wu opf Sunnyvale, Calif., and Hongli Yang of Cupertino, Calif., have developed an active pixel that includes a photodiode, a reset transistor, and a pixel output transistor. According to the U.S. Patent & ...
South Korean Inventor Develops Sprinkler Head
Sep 19, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Sept. 19 -- Dae-Min Shim of Seoul, South Korea, has developed a sprinkler head having a first housing connected to a water supply pipe disposed inside a building ceiling. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "The sprinkler head includes a second housing ...
Japanese Inventors Develop Tape Printer
Sep 19, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Sept. 19 -- Keiji Seo and Atsushi Kasugai, both of Nagoya, Japan, Kiyoshi Sugimoto of Kuwana, Japan, and Akira Sago of Seto, Japan, have developed a tape printer in which the roll sheet holder is removably mounted a tape printer provided with a feeding device. According ...
New York Inventor Develops Gas Turbine Combustor Liner
Sep 19, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Sept. 19 -- Ronald Scott Bunker of Niskayuna, N.Y., has developed a combustor liner for a gas turbine, the combustor liner having a substantially cylindrical shape; and a plurality of axially spaced circumferential grooves formed in an outside surface of the combustor liner, the ...
Texas Inventor Develops Fire Extinguishing Method
Sep 19, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Sept. 19 -- Alden Ozment of Longview, Texas, has developed a method for fighting fire in confined areas using nitrogen expanded foam. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "The method of the invention comprises the steps of proportioning a foam concentrate ...
Taiwanese Inventor Develops Ornamental Design for Wireless Mouse
Sep 19, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Sept. 19 -- Shih-Yun Lee of Chungho, Taiwan, has developed an ornamental design for a wireless mouse, the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office announced. The inventor was issued U.S. Patent No. D527,731 on Sept. 5. The patent has been assigned to Quanta Computer ...
California Inventors Develop Ornamental Design for Memory Device
Sep 19, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Sept. 19 -- Randy C. Lee of Mountain View, Calif., James C. Patton of Salinas, Calif., and Thomas J. Beck of Los Gatos, Calif., have developed an ornamental design for a memory device for use with cellular telephones, the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office announced. The ...
British Inventor Develops Scanning Apparatus
Sep 19, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Sept. 19 -- Alan Lettington of Reading, Great Britain, has developed a scanning apparatus with a rotatable reflector and a rotatable optical wedge including refractive materials. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "A scanning apparatus comprises two ...
Canadian Inventor Develops Hawser Guidance System
Sep 19, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Sept. 19 -- Robert Reynolds of Beaconsfield, Canada, has developed a hawser guidance system for quick release mooring hooks. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "The present invention provides a hawser guidance system, adaptable to a quick release ...
North Carolina Inventor Develops Pulmonary Vascular Occlusion Diagnosis Method
Sep 19, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Sept. 19 -- Jeffrey A. Kline of Charlotte, N.C., has developed a non-invasive device and method for the diagnosis of pulmonary vascular occlusions. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "This invention involves a device and method for ascertaining the ...
California Inventor Develops Skate Truck Assembly
Sep 19, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Sept. 19 -- Fred Saldana of San Clemente, Calif., has developed skateboard truck assemblies. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "A skate truck assembly apparatus provides: a hanger engaging separate left and right collinearly aligned axles, and at least ...
Taiwanese Inventors Develop Conductive Line Structure
Sep 19, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Sept. 19 -- Chun-Yu Lee of Sinying, Taiwan, and Ping-Chin Cheng of Taipei, Taiwan, have developed a conductive line structure. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "In one embodiment of the invention, a conductive line includes at least two outer ...
California Inventor Develops Holistic Exercise Device
Sep 19, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Sept. 19 -- Robert Samuel Smith of San Jose, Calif., has developed an apparatus for performing exercises. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office, the invention relates to an "exercise apparatus including a frame of four vertical legs secured together by ...
Finnish Inventor Develops Ornamental Design for Handset Key Button Area
Sep 19, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Sept. 19 -- Sami Viitasaari of Ii, Finland, has developed an ornamental design for a key button area for a handset, the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office announced. The inventor was issued U.S. Patent No. D527,726 on Sept. 5. The patent has been assigned to ...
California Inventor Develops Ornamental Design for Interactive Aerial Display System Housing
Sep 19, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Sept. 19 -- Curtis L. Thornton of Chatsworth, Calif., has developed an ornamental design for a housing for an interactive aerial display system, the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office announced. The inventor was issued U.S. Patent No. D527,729 on Sept. 5. The original ...
California Inventors Develop Ornamental Design for Twirler Novelty
Sep 19, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Sept. 19 -- Margaret Weiser and Isaac Weiser, both of Tarzana, Calif., have developed an ornamental design for a twirler novelty, the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office announced. The inventors were issued U.S. Patent No. D527,676 on Sept. 5. The patent has been ...
British Inventors Develop Data Storage Apparatus
Sep 19, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Sept. 19 -- Paul Frederick Bartlett of Bristol, Great Britain, and Rhys Wyn Evans of Wales, Great Britain, have developed a data storage method and an apparatus employing a tape cartridge with a cartridge memory. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "A ...
U.S., Canadian Inventors Develop High Dynamic Range Display Device
Sep 19, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Sept. 19 -- Lorne Whitehead of Vancouver, Canada, Wolfgang Stuerzlinger of Toronto, Helge Seetzen of Montreal, and Greg Ward of Albany, Calif., have developed a display that has a screen which incorporates a light modulator. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark ...
Finnish Inventor Develops Ornamental Design for Handset Top Shell Portion
Sep 19, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Sept. 19 -- Heikki Kangasmaa of Helsinki, Finland, has developed an ornamental design for a top shell portion of a handset, the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office announced. The inventor was issued U.S. Patent No. D527,727 on Sept. 5. The patent has been assigned ...
Minnesota Inventors Develop Implantable Medical Device Telemetry System
Sep 19, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Sept. 19 -- Mark D. Amundson of Cambridge, Minn., William J. Linder of Golden Valley, Minn., Karen M. Lent of Stillwater, Minn., and Scott T. Mazar of Inver Grove Heights, Minn., have developed a system and a method for transmitting telemetry data from an implantable medical ...
German, British Inventors Develop Extensive Bodyshell Element
Sep 19, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Sept. 19 -- Thomas Frank of Stuttgart, Germany, Klaus Rathje of Hildrizhausen, Germany, Maya Ziegs of Ammerbuch, Germany, Garry Brown of Nuneaton, Great Britain, and Oliver Tomlin of Leicestershire, Great Britain, have developed a large vehicle hood or trunk lid bodyshell ...
Japanese Inventor Develops Bracelet Irradiating Anion
Sep 19, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Sept. 19 -- Kazutoshi Kaizuka of Fukuoka, Japan, has developed a bracelet that radiates anion and a far infrared rays. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "The present invention is related to a bracelet irradiating anion and far infrared rays, comprising ...
Japanese Inventor Develops Cosmetic Device
Sep 19, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Sept. 19 -- Shingo Motoi of Tokyo has developed a cosmetic device that comprises an electrical output device and a pair of electrical conductive gloves for electrical connection to said electrical output device. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "A ...
New Jersey Inventor Develops Applicator Device
Sep 19, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Sept. 19 -- Paul B. Swick of Lebanon, N.J., has developed an applicator device for suppositories and the like. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "An applicator for delivering pharmaceutical products or the like to a bodily cavity includes a barrel ...
Michigan Inventor Develops Ornamental Design for Cell Phone Charging Station
Sep 19, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Sept. 19 -- William G. Sbordon Jr. of Southfield, Mich., has developed an ornamental design for a cell phone charging station, the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office announced. The inventor was issued U.S. Patent No. D527,728 on Sept. 5. The original application ...
U.S., Dutch Inventors Develop Roll Good Sailcloth
Sep 19, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Sept. 19 -- Guus Bierman of Breukelen, Netherlands, Max de Bruin of Uithoorn, Netherlands, Roeland Wentholt of Voorburg, Netherlands, and Duncan Skinner of Warren, R.I., have developed a sail cloth in roll good form, having a machine axis that runs the length of the sail ...
Florida Inventor Develops Hybridhull Boat System
Sep 19, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Sept. 19 -- Alicia A. Bunnell of Jensen Beach, Fla., has developed a hybridhull boat system. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "A hull is formed of a forward section, a rearward section and intermediate sections there between. The forward section is in ...
California Inventors Develop Magnetoresistive Sensor
Sep 19, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Sept. 19 -- Matthew J. Carey, Jeffrey R. Childress and Stefan Maat, all from San Jose, Calif., and Kuok San Ho of Santa Clara, Calif., have developed a magnetoresistive sensor that is capable of sensing external magnetic fields. According to the U.S. Patent & ...
Israeli Inventors Develop Energy Treatment Devices Energy Leakage Reducing System
Sep 19, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Sept. 19 -- Boris Vaynberg of Zichron Ya'akov, Israel, Yotam Zimmerman of Hadera, Israel, Yoni Iger of Haifa, Israel, and Gal Aharonowitz of Gan-Haim, Israel, have developed a method, a system, and a device for detecting and for reducing energy leakage from an energy treatment ...
Japanese Inventors Develop Plasma Processing Apparatus
Sep 19, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Sept. 19 -- Shinji Himori, Toshiki Takahashi and Takumi Komatsu, all from Nirasaki, Japan, have developed a plasma processing apparatus which applies a plasma processing on a substrate such as a semiconductor substrate. An abstract of the invention, released by the U.S ....
Vermont Inventor Develops Integrated Circuit
Sep 19, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Sept. 19 -- Paul A. Farrar of Burlington, Vt., has developed structures which improve performance in integrated circuits. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "The structures include a diffusion barrier and a seed layer in an integrated circuit both ...
Japanese Inventors Develop Communication Device
Sep 19, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Sept. 19 -- Kazuoki Matsugatani and Makoto Tanaka, both of Kariya, Japan, have developed a communication device with delay information calculating function. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office, the invention relates to a "communication device using ...
JUNE 2006 AIRLINE TRAFFIC DATA: SIX-MONTH SYSTEM TRAFFIC UP 0.9 PERCENT FROM 2005
Sep 19, 2006 ... The U.S. Department of Transportation's Bureau of Transportation Statistics issued the following press release: U.S. airlines carried 369.5 million scheduled domestic and international passengers on their systems during the first six months of 2006, 0.9 percent more than they did during ...
Louisiana Inventor Develops Side Seamed Plastic Produce Bag
Sep 19, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Sept. 19 -- Greg Tan of Harahan, La., has developed a side seamed plastic produce bag, a method of making and a dispenser for same. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "A side seamed plastic produce bag includes a front wall and a taller back wall, first ...
Japanese Inventors Develop Living Body Measurement Apparatus
Sep 19, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Sept. 19 -- Kazuyasu Koyama and Fumiko Nakagawa, both of Tokyo, have developed a living body measurement apparatus for measuring physical characteristic for a person under test. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "Disclosed is a living body measurement ...
Michigan, New York Inventors Develop Protective Athletic Equipment
Sep 19, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Sept. 19 -- David Morrow of Farmington, Mich., Matthew Winningham of Birmingham, Mich., and Jesse Hubbard of New York, have developed a protective equipment for shielding a wearer's body from unwanted forces and potential injury. According to the U.S. Patent & ...
Canadian Inventor Develops Pivoting Arm for Seeders
Sep 19, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Sept. 19 -- Norbert Beaujot of Regina, Canada, has developed a residue deflector apparatus adapted for attachment to a dual furrow opener apparatus. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "A pivot mechanism for pivotally attaching two members about a pivot ...
Florida Inventor Develops Portable Latrine
Sep 19, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Sept. 19 -- Kenneth E. Rasberry of Jacksonville, Fla., has developed a foldable and transportable latrine for outdoor use. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "A portable latrine includes an annular seat that has an opening formed therein and a lip ...
California, Maryland Inventors Develop Implantable Neurostimulator System
Sep 19, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Sept. 19 -- Thomas K. Tcheng and Benjamin D. Pless, both of Sunnyvale, Calif., and Robert E. Fischell of Dayton, Md., have developed a method for treating a movement disorder in a human patient with an implantable neurostimulator. According to the U.S. Patent & ...
Ohio Inventors Develop Ornamental Design for Medallion
Sep 19, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Sept. 19 -- Stanley F. Schaefer of Liberty Township, Ohio, and Douglas Ivar Kolsto of Morrow, Ohio, have developed an ornamental design for a medallion, the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office announced. The inventors were issued U.S. Patent No. D527,673 on Sept. 5 ....
Japanese Inventors Develop Refrigeration Apparatus
Sep 19, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Sept. 19 -- Kazuhide Mizutani, Hiromune Matsuoka, Atsushi Yoshimi and Manabu Yoshimi, all from Sakai, Japan, have developed a refrigeration apparatus, provided with a vapor compression type refrigerant circuit. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "A ...
Wisconsin Inventors Develop Disposable Bedding
Sep 19, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Sept. 19 -- Melanie Pilling and David Pisani, both of Green Bay, Wis., have developed a disposable bedding with absorbent region. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "A disposable sheet has a draw sheet or chux attached thereto. Preferably, the chux is ...
Washington, Minnesota, Oregon Inventors Develop Implantable Cardiac Device Programming System
Sep 19, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Sept. 19 -- Thomas N. Anderson of Issaquah, Wash., David A. Miller of Woodinville, Wash., Vickie L. Conley of Woodbury, Minn., Mark Schwartz of Hugo, Minn., and C. Denise Thompson of Eugene, Ore., have developed systems and methods for providing a medical device parameter ...
California Inventor Develops Implantable Medical Device with Sealed Housing
Sep 19, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Sept. 19 -- Casey O'Hara of Mountain View, Calif., has developed an implantable medical device having a sealed housing forming a chamber containing rhythm management circuitry. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "The housing has an exterior defining a ...
Oklahoma Inventor Develops Adjustable Dual Bed Rail Assembly
Sep 19, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Sept. 19 -- Moty Childs of Midwest City, Okla., has developed a portable and an adjustable dual bed rail assembly. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office, the invention relates to a "bed rail assembly adapted to a bed having a box spring and a mattress, for ...
South Korean Inventors Develop Single Electron Transistor
Sep 19, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Sept. 19 -- Soo-doo Chae and Chung-woo Kim, both of Seongnam, South Korea, and Ju-hyung Kim of Yongin, South Korea, have developed a single electron transistor having a memory function and a fabrication method thereof. An abstract of the invention, released by the U.S ....
Texas Inventors Develop Gate Structure
Sep 19, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Sept. 19 -- Antonio L.P. Rotondaro and Luigi Colombo, both of Dallas, and Mark R. Visokay of Richardson, Texas, have developed a complementary field effect transistors gate structure with metal gates having differing work functions by texture differences between an ...
Australian Inventor Develops Agricultural Plough
Sep 19, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Sept. 19 -- Christopher Anthony Jones of New South Wales, Australia, has developed an agricultural apparatus for use in the sowing of seeds. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "An agricultural plough has a longitudinally extending support member having ...
Swedish Inventor Develops Radiation Sensitive Medium Feature Boundaries Defining Method
Sep 19, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Sept. 19 -- Torbjo Sandstrom of Pixbo, Sweden, has developed methods and systems for improved boundary contrast. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "The present invention relates to methods and systems that define feature boundaries in a radiation ...