US Fed News Service, Including US State News back issues from Friday, October 13:
French Inventors Develop Telecommunication Satellite
Oct 13, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Oct. 13 -- Tisna Tjiptahardja of Cannes la Bocca, France, Marcel Amidieu of Ponteilla, France, and Ge Cluzet of Mandelieu, France, have developed a satellite for transferring heat from a shelf supporting equipment to radiator panels. According to the U.S. Patent & ...
Washington, New Mexico Inventors Develop Mass Storage System
Oct 13, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Oct. 13 -- Walter P. Kistler of Redmond, Wash., Robert A. Citron of Mill Creek, Wash., and Thomas C. Taylor of Las Cruces, N.M., have developed a platform and a system for mass storage and transfer in space. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "A ...
German Inventors Develop Circuit Arrangement
Oct 13, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Oct. 13 -- Wolfgang Hermann of Tennenbronn, Germany, John Stolte of Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany, and Jean-Paul Louvel of Brigachtal, Germany, have developed a circuit arrangement with power factor correction, as well as a corresponding appliance. According to the U.S. Patent ...
Illinois Inventors Develop Fuse State Indicator
Oct 13, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Oct. 13 -- Matthew R. Darr of Godfrey, Ill., and Virgil Hampton of Granite City, Ill., have developed a fuse with a fuse state indicator. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "A fuse state indicator for a fuse including a cylindrical fuse body and a ...
Indiana Inventor Develops Transverse Pivot Assembly Mechanism
Oct 13, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Oct. 13 -- Charles R. Schenk of South Bend, Ind., has developed a transverse pivot assembly mechanism for automatically positioning a pinch-point of a concave relative to a rotor of a combine. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "A device and method is ...
U.S., Mexican Inventors Develop Power Distribution Bus
Oct 13, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Oct. 13 -- David J. Johnsen of New Hope, Minn., Luis Armando Yanes of Eden Prairie, Minn., and Delfino Hernandez of Juarez, Mexico, have developed a power distribution bus with protection and alarming. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "Power ...
Chinese Inventor Develops Horizontal Roller Mill
Oct 13, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Oct. 13 -- Zhigang Hao of Huana Province, China, has developed a horizontal roller mill to increase production yield. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "An example horizontal roller mill includes a cylinder and rollers. Each end of the cylinder ...
French Inventor Develops Printing Unit Roller Exchanging Method
Oct 13, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Oct. 13 -- Rene Bazin of Farnay, France, has developed an apparatus for loading and exchanging engraved rollers of printing units of a printing machine. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office, the invention relates to "method for loading and exchanging the ...
Japanese Inventors Develop Polysilicon Resistor Semiconductor Device
Oct 13, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Oct. 13 -- Katsumichi Ueyanagi, Mutsuo Nishikawa and Katsuyuki Uematsu, all from Nagano, Japan, have developed a semiconductor device with a polysilicon resistor used as a resistance element in various semiconductor integrated circuits for automobiles. According to the ...
South Korean Inventors Develop Air Velocity Control Unit
Oct 13, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Oct. 13 -- Woo-Dong Sung and Dong-Hyun Kim, both of Gyeonggi-do, South Korea, have developed an air velocity control unit that includes first bars fixed using a frame. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "Second bars are disposed below the first bars ....
British Inventor Develops Identification Plate Manufacturing Method
Oct 13, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Oct. 13 -- Richard Ivor Taffinder of West Midlands, Great Britain, has developed a method for manufacturing an identification plate. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "A method of manufacture of an identification plate: comprises advancing a ...
Massachusetts, New Hampshire Inventors Develop Microcontact Printing Tool
Oct 13, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Oct. 13 -- Amar Maruti Kendale of Somerville, Mass., and David L. Trumper of Plaistow, N.H., have developed a microcontact printing tool that is having a print unit including a stamp head with a stamp and a wafer chuck for retaining a substrate. According to the U.S ....
Dutch Inventor Develops Phase-Locked Loop Circuit
Oct 13, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Oct. 13 -- Yanling Sun of De Meern, Netherlands, has developed a phase-locked loop circuit as well as a voltage-controlled oscillator as used in a phase-locked loop circuit. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "A phase-locked loop circuit comprises a ...
Texas Inventors Develop Gravity Anchor Installation Apparatus
Oct 13, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Oct. 13 -- Evan H. Zimmerman and Matthew W. Smith, both of Houston, have developed an apparatus and a method for gravity anchor installation. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office, the invention relates to "methods for installation, connection to, and use ...
Minnesota Inventors Develop Platform Scale
Oct 13, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Oct. 13 -- William P. Kroll of Medina, Minn., and Randie Evenson of Brooklyn Center, Minn., have developed a platform scale with under-platform mounted load cell protection cases for reducing side forces. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "A tine ...
Indiana Inventor Develops Attitude Control System
Oct 13, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Oct. 13 -- Peter J. Schubert of Carmel, Ind., has developed a system and a method for attitude control and station keeping. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "A system and method for supplying thrust to a structure, such as a satellite or spacecraft, ...
Tennessee Inventor Develops Vehicles Access Control System
Oct 13, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Oct. 13 -- Alan K. Sefton of Knoxville, Tenn., has developed an access control and monitoring system for monitoring and controlling access of vehicles within a facility. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "The invention provides an apparatus and method ...
U.S., British Inventors Develop Data Transfer Technique
Oct 13, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Oct. 13 -- Jeffrey William Josten and Haakon Philip Roberts, both of San Jose, Calif., David Arlen Elko of Austin, Texas, David Harold Surman of Milton, N.Y., and John Joseph Campbell of Alton, Great Britain, have developed data transfer method in a multi-system environment in ...
Illinois Inventors Develop Pneumatically-Powered Door Installation Control System
Oct 13, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Oct. 13 -- William R. Kennedy and John Matthew Kennedy, both of Taylorville, Ill., have developed a control system for pneumatically-powered door installation. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "A mine door installation has a frame installed in a mine ...
California Inventor Develops Integrated Transformer
Oct 13, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Oct. 13 -- Donald S. Gardner of Mountain View, Calif., has developed a transformer with a first inductor and a second inductor. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "The first inductor has one or more trenches and comprises a first conductor defining a ...
Maryland, North Carolina Inventors Develop Purified Antibody Making Method
Oct 13, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Oct. 13 -- Lawrence E. Samelson of Chevy Chase, Md., and Weiguo Zhang of Chapel Hill, N.C., have developed compositions and methods for identifying and testing tyrosine kinase signaling pathway agonists and antagonists. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark ...
Minnesota Inventor Develops Capacitor Interconnection Method
Oct 13, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Oct. 13 -- Gregory J. Sherwood of North Oaks, Minn., has developed a method and an apparatus for capacitor interconnection that uses a metal spray. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "The present subject matter includes a capacitor stack having a first ...
Japanese Inventors Develop Storage Device Controlling System
Oct 13, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Oct. 13 -- Tatuya Ninomiya, Yasuo Inoue and Masayuki Hoshino, all from Odawara, Japan, Hiroyuki Kurosawa and Hidehiko Iwasaki, both of Hiratsuka, Japan, Hidefumi Masuzaki of Hadano, Japan, Naoya Takahashi of Yokohama, Japan, and Soichi Isono of Chigasaki, Japan, have developed a ...
Japanese Inventors Develop Aglycon Isoflavone Process
Oct 13, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Oct. 13 -- Kazutaka Tsuruhami, Atsuki Toumoto, Masataka Goto, and Satoshi Koikeda, all from Kakamigahara, Japan, have developed an aglycon isoflavone process for producing an aglycon, a process for producing a protein having an increased aglycon content. An abstract of ...
Florida Inventor Develops Animal Feed Harvesting System
Oct 13, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Oct. 13 -- Troy Overstreet of Sneads, Fla., has developed a new type of feed crop harvesting system. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "The feed crop is cut as in the prior art. A vacuum is used to lift the relatively moist feed crop off the ground and ...
Missouri Inventor Develops Surface Lapping System
Oct 13, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Oct. 13 -- Jeffrey H. Wood of Eureka, Mo, has developed a pneumatically actuated flexible coupling end effectors for lapping/polishing. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "Methods and apparatus for end effectors for performing surface lapping using a ...
North Carolina Inventor Develops Boat Lift
Oct 13, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Oct. 13 -- Francis H. Shackelford Jr. of Hookerton, N.C., has developed boat lifts for lowering watercraft into the water for use and lifting them out of the water for storage. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "A boat lift of the type that is mounted ...
Japanese Inventors Develop Workpiece Grinding Method
Oct 13, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Oct. 13 -- Mamoru Katsuta and Yoichi Ito, both of Kariya, Japan, Nobumitsu Hori of Ichinomiya, Japan, and Kazuo Tabuchi of Takahama, Japan, have developed a workpiece grinding method which takes as an object to be ground a workpiece having a cylindrical portion and an end ...
Taiwanese Inventor Develops Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Structure
Oct 13, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Oct. 13 -- Chin-Fu Horng of Taipei Hsien, Taiwan, has developed a shielding structure that is used to enclose electrical components and reduce the electromagnetic interference. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "Two tearable line-grooves are separately ...
British Inventors Develop Tuneable Dielectric Resonator
Oct 13, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Oct. 13 -- Peter Petrov and Neil McNeill Alford, both of London, have developed a method of tuning a dielectric resonator uses a ferroelectric element to change the dielectric resonator electric field and hence the resonance frequency of the dielectric resonator, the U.S. Patent ...
South Korean Inventor Develops Portable Computer Touch Pad Device
Oct 13, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Oct. 13 -- You Myoung Sun of Gyeonggi-do, South Korea, has developed a touch pad device for a portable computer. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "A touch pad device for a portable computer includes: a key deck; a touch region formed on a portion of ...
Florida Inventors Develop Polymer Coating
Oct 13, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Oct. 13 -- Clayton C. Bohn Jr., Anthony B. Brennan and Ronald H. Baney, all from Gainesville, Fla., have developed a dynamic coating that includes at least one polymeric layer for attachment to a surface. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "The ...
Japanese Inventors Develop Data Storage System
Oct 13, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Oct. 13 -- Kazuhisa Fujimoto of Kokubunji, Japan, Mutsumi Hosoya of Fujimi, Japan, Naoki Watanabe of Hachioji, Japan, and Kentaro Shimada of Tokyo, have developed a storage system with a cost/performance meeting the system scale from a small-scale to a large-scale ...
New York Inventor Develops Tone Generating Geometric System
Oct 13, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Oct. 13 -- Stephen E. Delaporte of East Williston, N.Y., has developed a polyphonic instrument that comprises a geometric system coupled with a user interface and a method for generating tone using fluid. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "The ...
Florida Inventor Develops Skyhook Reserve Parachute Deployment System
Oct 13, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Oct. 13 -- William R. Booth of DeLand, Fla., has developed the hardware and deployment methods and systems of parachutes. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "A device, system and method of reserve parachute deployment comprised of a body with a top and ...
California Inventors Develop Isolated Nucleic Acid
Oct 13, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Oct. 13 -- Audrey Goddard and J. Christopher Grimaldi, both of San Francisco, Paul J. Godowski and William I. Wood, both of Hillsborough, Calif., and Austin L. Gurney of Belmont, Calif., have developed an isolated nucleic acid. According to the U.S. Patent & ...
Japanese Inventors Develop Cache Memory Device
Oct 13, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Oct. 13 -- Kumiko Endo and Masaki Ukai, both of Kawasaki, Japan, have developed a cache memory device and a memory allocation method. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "A cache memory device comprises a secondary tag random access memory (RAM) that ...
Taiwanese Inventors Develop Chemical Mechanical Polishing Apparatus
Oct 13, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Oct. 13 -- Chen-Shien Chen, Yai-Yei Huang and Winata Karta Tjandra, all from Hsinchu, Taiwan, Ming-Hsiang Kao of Tainan, Taiwan, and Yih-Shung Lin of Sanchung, Taiwan, have developed a chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) apparatus for polishing a layer on a ...
Colorado Inventors Develop Data Transducing Head
Oct 13, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Oct. 13 -- Robert A. Alt of Longmont, Colo., E. Paul Lee of Boulder, Colo., and Matthew R. Lepore of Thornton, Colo., have developed a separator plate with head load/unload. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "An apparatus provides improved positional ...
New Jersey Inventors Develop Gaming Voucher
Oct 13, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Oct. 13 -- Peter C. Fayter of Collings Lakes, N.J., and William N. Pangoras of Absecon, N.J., have developed a gaming voucher that is printed with first and second machine readable indicia. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "The first machine readable ...
German Inventors Develop Printing Sleeve Transportation Apparatus
Oct 13, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Oct. 13 -- Godber Petersen of Augsburg, Germany, Josef Gottling of Friedberg, Germany, and Thomas Hartmann of Mering, Germany, have developed an apparatus for transporting printing sleeves. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "The transport apparatus ...
Japanese Inventors Develop Common Mode Noise Filter
Oct 13, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Oct. 13 -- Atsushi Shinkai and Hideki Tanaka, both of Fukui, Japan, Hironobu Chiba of Hyogo, Japan, and Shogo Nakayama of Osaka, Japan, have developed a laminated common mode noise filter having a small size used in various electronic devices. According to the U.S ....
Taiwanese Inventor Develops Telescope
Oct 13, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Oct. 13 -- Su-Min Kung of Shi-Jr, Taiwan, has developed a telescope with foldable and extendable base. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office, the invention relates to a "telescope with a foldable and extendable base that can be extended before use and ...
Japanese Inventors Develop Carboxylic Acids Production Process
Oct 13, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Oct. 13 -- Hirobumi Aoki and Harumi Kamachi, both of Chiba, Japan, have developed a rhodococcus bacterium and to a process for hydrolyzing a cyano group of a nitrile compound using a novel rhodococcus bacterium to produce the corresponding carboxylic acid. According to ...
Taiwanese Inventor Develops Sand Blasting Machine
Oct 13, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Oct. 13 -- Po-Hung Chen of Yuan-Lin, Taiwan, has developed a sand blasting machine that consists of a working chest and an air compressor that are coupled together. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "The working chest includes a casing, a upper lid, a ...
German Inventors Develop Printing Press Regulation Device
Oct 13, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Oct. 13 -- Bernd Klaus Faist of Ochsenfurt, Germany, Wolfgang Otto Reder of Veitshochheim, Germany, and Georg Schneider of Wurzburg, Germany, have developed method and devices for regulating at least one cylinder in a printing press. According to the U.S. Patent & ...
Japanese Inventors Develop High Frequency Oscillator
Oct 13, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Oct. 13 -- Masayoshi Aikawa and Takayuki Tanaka, both of Saga, Japan, and Fumio Asamura and Takeo Oita, both of Saitama, Japan, have developed a high frequency oscillator using transmission line resonator. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "A high ...
Taiwanese Inventors Develop Adjustable Computer Support Stand
Oct 13, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Oct. 13 -- Chin-chung Chan and Chun-Hsiung Lu, both of Taipei City, Taiwan, have developed a multifunctional adjustable computer support stand that is designed for disabled users. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "The present invention includes: a ...
California Inventors Develop Hard Disk Drive
Oct 13, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Oct. 13 -- Zvonimir Z. Bandic of San Jose, Calif., and Thomas Robert Berthold of Saratoga, Calif., have developed an improved hard disk drive with a transparent cover. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "A hard disk drive is provided with a transparent ...
California Inventor Develops Perpendicular Magnetic Head
Oct 13, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Oct. 13 -- Jeffrey S. Lille of Sunnyvale, Calif., has developed a perpendicular magnetic head having modified shaping layer for direct plating of magnetic pole piece. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "A magnetic head of the present invention includes ...
California Inventor Develops Ornamental Design for Snorkel
Oct 13, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Oct. 13 -- John Mix of Discovery Bay, Calif., has developed an ornamental design for a snorkel, the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office announced. The inventor was issued U.S. Patent No. D530,008 on Oct. 10. The original application was filed on June 8, 2004, and ...
Minnesota Inventors Develop Hub-Based Memory System
Oct 13, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Oct. 13 -- James W. Meyer of Shoreview, Minn., and Cory Kanski of Blaine, Minn., have developed an arbitration system and a method for memory responses in a hub-based memory system. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "A memory hub includes a local queue ...
Japanese Inventors Develop Air Conditioning Apparatus
Oct 13, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Oct. 13 -- Yoshinori Sekoguchi of Kitakatsuragi-gun, Japan, Kenji Furuhashi of Hirakata, Japan, and Mamoru Morikawa of Yamatokooriyama, Japan, have developed an ion generator and air conditioning apparatus. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "A ...
New Hampshire Inventors Develop Printing Press Spray Device
Oct 13, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Oct. 13 -- Ken Francis Blaney and Michael Thomas Woroniak, both of Rochester, N.H., have developed a spray device on a printing press for spraying a surface of the press. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "A spray device for a printing press includes a ...
Kansas Inventors Develop Multi-Frame Screen Printing
Oct 13, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Oct. 13 -- Catherine Wynkoop and Kevin Townsend, both of Topeka, Kan., and Carrie L. Thomas of Lawrence, Kan., have developed a screen printing apparatus having multiple frames wherein different inks are printed through each mesh. According to the U.S. Patent & ...
Japanese Inventors Develop Ion Generating Unit
Oct 13, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Oct. 13 -- Hidetoshi Nakasone, Itaru Saida and Kengo Ito, all from Hikone, Japan, have developed an ion generating unit that is made compact, yet avoids the undesired arc discharge for successfully generating the ions. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: ...
Norwegian Inventor Develops Airflow Controlling Device
Oct 13, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Oct. 13 -- Oddvar Inge Bjordal of Baerums Verk, Norway, has developed a device for controlling airflow between a clean room and an adjacent room. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "Channels lead from the rooms to a common junction. A ventilation ...
North Carolina Inventor Develops Food Press
Oct 13, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Oct. 13 -- Thomas B. Walker III of Huntersville, N.C., has developed a food press that includes upper and lower portions each having first and second ends, a plunger, a chamber, and a grate. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "The upper and lower ...
Japanese Inventors Develop Stencil Printing Machine
Oct 13, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Oct. 13 -- Akira Nakamura, Taku Naitou and Hirokazu Kamano, all from Ibaraki-ken, Japan, have developed a stencil printing machine that has a rotatable printing drum including an outer peripheral wall of ink impermeable material. According to the U.S. Patent & ...
Taiwanese Inventor Develops Grinding Mill
Oct 13, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Oct. 13 -- Jin-Hong Chang of Hsin Ying City, Tainan Hsien, Taiwan, has developed a grinding mill that comprises a suction device, a separator, a grinding device, and a driving device. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "The grinding device has a ...
Germany Inventors Develop Lateral Thrust Control
Oct 13, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Oct. 13 -- Thomas Heitmann of Unterluss, Germany, and Michael Schwenzer of Hermannsburg, Germany, have developed a lateral thrust control that is provided for influencing the flight trajectory of a projectile. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "The ...
Belgian Inventor Develops Juicer, Grater Assembly
Oct 13, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Oct. 13 -- Jan-Hendrik de Groote of Brussels, Belgium, has developed a juicer and grater assembly. An abstract of the invention, released by the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office, said: "The invention provides a juicer and grater assembly comprising an extractor having ...
Japanese Inventor Develops Oscillation Circuit
Oct 13, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Oct. 13 -- Jun Yoshida of Kanagawa, Japan, has developed an oscillation circuit and operation method thereof. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "An oscillation circuit has: a first metal-oxide semiconductor (MOS) transistor having a gate connected to a ...
California Inventors Develop Photovoltaic Cell
Oct 13, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Oct. 13 -- Richard Roland King of Thousand Oaks, Calif., Peter C. Colter of Canyon Country, Calif., James H. Ermer of Burbank, Calif., Moran Haddad of Winnetka, Calif., and Nasser H. Karam of Northridge, Calif., have developed a wide-bandgap, a lattice-mismatched window layer ...
Washington Inventors Develop Wheel Mounted Water Spray Deflector
Oct 13, 2006 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Oct. 13 -- Justin D. Cottet of Snohomish, Wash., and Mark N. Simpson of Kirkland, Wash., have developed a water spray deflector to deflect water spray produced from aircraft landing gear from components of the aircraft. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark ...