US Fed News Service, Including US State News back issues from Thursday, January 25:
Japanese Inventors Develop Nitride Semiconductor
Jan 25, 2007 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Jan. 25 -- Shuji Nakamura and Shinichi Nagahama, both of Tokushima, Japan, and Naruhito Iwasa of Komatsushima, Japan, have developed a nitride semiconductor with active layer of quantum well structure with indium-containing nitride semiconductor. According to the U.S ....
Missouri Inventor Develops Stay-on-Tab Container Closure
Jan 25, 2007 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Jan. 25 -- Christopher G. Neiner of St. Louis has developed a stay-on-tab container closure having tear panel with low-relief contour features on the upper surface. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office, the invention relates to a "stay-on-tab container ...
California Inventor Develops Six Headed Carousel
Jan 25, 2007 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Jan. 25 -- Hung Chih Chen of Sunnyvale, Calif., has developed an apparatus and a method for polishing semiconductor substrates with improved throughput and reduced foot print. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "One embodiment of the present invention ...
Pennsylvania Inventor Develops High Frequency Printed Wiring Board
Jan 25, 2007 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Jan. 25 -- John S Greeley of Ambler, Pa., has developed high frequency printed wiring boards. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "Techniques that enable the transitioning of high frequency signals on a printed wiring board processed in accordance with industry ...
California Inventors Develop Fluid Material Composition Control Method
Jan 25, 2007 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Jan. 25 -- Yehiel Gotkis and Danny Lim, both of Fremont, Calif. have developed an apparatus for use in a chemical mechanical planarization system. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "The apparatus includes a fluid displacing device and a fluid delivery device ....
Florida Inventors Develop Input, Outputs Array Reduced Number Generation Method
Jan 25, 2007 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Jan. 25 -- Joseph Patino of Pembroke Pines, Fla., and Russell L.Simpson of Miami, have developed a method of generating an array with a reduced number of input/outputs. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "The method includes the steps of, for each array ...
German Inventors Develop Person Biometric Authentication Device
Jan 25, 2007 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Jan. 25 -- Elmar Stephan and Robert Muller both of Munich, Germany, and Albert Modl of Gersthofen, Germany, have developed a system for biometric authentication of a person. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "A method, apparatus and system for ...
Taiwanese Inventor Develops Semiconductor Circuit
Jan 25, 2007 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Jan. 25 -- Shao-Chang Huang of Hsinchu, Taiwan, has developed metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor with electrostatic discharge protection structure and a method of fabrication, According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "A semiconductor circuit ...
Pennsylvania, New York Inventors Develop Chemical Mechanical Planarization Process Control
Jan 25, 2007 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Jan. 25 -- Stephen J. Benner of Lansdale, Pa., and Yuzhuo Li of Norwood, N.Y., have developed a chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) process control utilizing in-situ conditioning process. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "A system and method for ...
Virginia Inventors Develop Flexible Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer Sensor
Jan 25, 2007 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Jan. 25 -- John Flora, Muhammad Ali and Grady Powers, all from Lynchburg, Va., have developed a flexible electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) sensor. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "An array of magnets designed of flexible components and ...
Idaho Inventors Develop Vertical Diode Making Method
Jan 25, 2007 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Jan. 25 -- Fernando Gonzalez, Tyler A. Lowrey, Trung Tri Doan, Raymond A. Turi and Graham R. Wolstenholme, all from Boise, Idaho, have developed a diode on a silicon substrate. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "A method of making a vertical diode is ...
Tennessee, New Jersey Inventors Develop Bit Stream Detection Apparatus
Jan 25, 2007 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Jan. 25 -- Shiqiang Chu of Knoxville, Tenn., and Richard Chi-Te Shen of Leonia, N.J., have developed a method and an apparatus for selecting particular decoder based on bitstream format detection. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "The present ...
New York Inventor Develops Wired Network Synchronization Method
Jan 25, 2007 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Jan. 25 -- David Goren of Smithtown, N.Y., has developed a system and a method for wired network synchronization for real time location tracking. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "A system and method is provided for timing synchronization of receivers ...
Japanese Inventors Develop Ultrasonic Sensor Unit
Jan 25, 2007 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Jan. 25 -- Kenji Hayashi and Koji Ohata, both of Tokyo, and Yoshio Katayama of Hyogo, Japan, have developed an ultrasonic sensor unit that is used for adjustment of optical axes of vehicle headlamps. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "In order to ...
Japanese Inventors Develop Transmission Power Control Apparatus
Jan 25, 2007 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Jan. 25 -- Takahiro Hayashi, Yoshihiro Ishikawa, Yoshiaki Ofuji and Takehiro Nakamura, all from Yokosuka, Japan, Seizo Onoe of Yokohama, Japan, and Mikio Iwamura of Zushi, Japan, have developed a transmission power control apparatus, a transmission power control method, and a ...
Atlas Copco Compressor Wins $38,515 Contract
Jan 25, 2007 ... TEXARKANA, Texas, Jan. 25 -- The U.S. Army has awarded a $38,515 contract to Atlas Copco Compressor Inc., Westfield, Mass., for rotary air compressors. The contract was awarded by the U.S. Army Tank-Automotive & Armaments Command, Texarkana, Texas. For more ...
AM General Wins $66 Million Contract
Jan 25, 2007 ... TEXARKANA, Texas, Jan. 25 -- The U.S. Army has awarded a $66 million contract to AM General Corp., Mishawaka, Ind., for engines, turbines and components. The contract was awarded by the U.S. Army Tank-Automotive & Armaments Command, Texarkana, Texas. For more ...
California Inventors Develop Atomic Force Microscope System
Jan 25, 2007 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Jan. 25 -- Dan Bocek of Goleta, Calif., and Jason Cleveland of Ventura, Calif., have developed a digital system for controlling the quality factor in a resonant device. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "The resonant device can be any mechanically ...
French Inventor Develops Lamellar Clarifier
Jan 25, 2007 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Jan. 25 -- Alain Boulant of Pornichet, France, has developed a conductor that conducts said liquid into a lower region of said tank. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "The invention concerns a lamellar clarifier comprising a tank of liquid to be ...
Japanese Inventors Develop Fuel Vapor Purge System Failure Diagnostic Apparatus
Jan 25, 2007 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Jan. 25 -- Hideki Miyahara of Nishikamo-gun, Japan, Tokiji Ito of Toyota, Japan, and Kenji Nagasaki of Nagoya, Japan, have developed a failure diagnostic apparatus for fuel vapor purge system and a fuel vapor purge apparatus and a combustion engine with failure diagnostic ...
German Inventors Develop Blood Donation Device
Jan 25, 2007 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Jan. 25 -- Stefan Kolb of Oberursel, Germany, and Artur Meisberger of St. Wendel, Germany, have developed a blood donation device with a receptacle for a blood donation container. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office, the invention relates to a "blood ...
Japanese Inventor Develops Magnetic Random Access Memory
Jan 25, 2007 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Jan. 25 -- Yoshihisa Iwata of Yokohama, Japan, has developed a memory cell arrays that include a data cell array, a reference cell array and a dummy cell array. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "First read word lines are connected respectively to the ...
Arizona Inventors Develop Data Tape Cartridge Packaging Apparatus
Jan 25, 2007 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Jan. 25 -- Dennis Hurley Byrne, David Michael Davis and James Mitchell Karp all of Tucson, Ariz. have developed an improved apparatus for packaging data tape cartridges. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "A plastic cartridge holder for restraining and ...
South Korean Inventor Develops Vacuum Leakage Detection Device
Jan 25, 2007 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Jan. 25 -- Kyoung-Hwan Chin of Suwon-si, South Korea, has developed a vacuum leakage detecting device for use in semiconductor manufacturing system. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "A vacuum leakage detecting device includes a process chamber for ...
California Inventors Develop Electronic Device with Substrate and Well Structure
Jan 25, 2007 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Jan. 25 -- Stephen Sorich and Matthew Stainer, both of Goleta, Calif., have developed electronic devices and methods for forming electronic devices. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "An electronic device includes a substrate and a well structure ...
Japanese Inventor Develops Frequency Change Detection Measurement Apparatus
Jan 25, 2007 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Jan. 25 -- Yoshihiro Kobayashi of Komogane, Japan, has developed a measuring apparatus for detecting a change in frequency of a piezoelectric vibrating reed that is realized with a simple circuit. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "The circuit of the ...
California Inventors Develop Multilayer Pinned Reference Layer
Jan 25, 2007 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Jan. 25 -- Manish Sharma and Janice Nickel, both of Sunnyvale, Calif., have developed a multilayer pinned reference layer for a magnetic device. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "In a particular embodiment a magnetic tunnel junction cell is provided ....
German Inventors Develop Fire Alarm Test Equipment
Jan 25, 2007 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Jan. 25 -- Bernd Siber of Glonn, Germany, and Ulrich Oppelt of Zorneding, Germany, have developed a testing equipment for a fire alarm. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "The present invention relates to testing equipment for a fire alarm. It includes ...
Michigan Inventors Develop Compact Particle Sensor
Jan 25, 2007 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Jan. 25 -- Brian J. Kadwell and Greg R. Pattok, both of Holland, Mich., have developed a compact particle sensor. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "A compact particle sensor for detecting suspended particles includes a housing, a light source, a ...
Japanese Inventors Develop Storage Device with Resistive Memory Cell
Jan 25, 2007 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Jan. 25 -- Minoru Ishida of Tokyo, Katsuhisa Aratani of Chiba, Japan, and Akira Kouchiyama of Kanagawa, Japan, have developed a storage device with resistive memory cells that endure repetitive data writing. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "A storage ...
Singapore Inventors Develop Electronic Device Encapsulation Method
Jan 25, 2007 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Jan. 25 -- Mark Auch, Ewald Guenther, Lim Shuang Fang and Chua Soo Jin, all from Singapore, have developed a method of encapsulating a device. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "Spacer particles are randomly located in the device region to prevent a ...
Massachusetts Inventor Develops Variable Capacitor Single-Electron Device
Jan 25, 2007 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Jan. 25 -- Christoph Wasshuber of Cambridge, Mass., has developed a single electron device and a method of fabrication thereof. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "The present invention provides a single-electron transistor device. The device comprises ...
Pennsylvania Inventor Develops Wireless Location System
Jan 25, 2007 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Jan. 25 -- Robert J. Anderson of Phoenixville, Pa., has developed a method of monitoring of call information in a wireless location system. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "In an overlay Wireless Location System, an Abis interface is monitored to ...
South Korean Inventors Develop Display Panel Inspecting Method
Jan 25, 2007 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Jan. 25 -- Sue Jin Cho of Yongin-Si, South Korea, Hyung Sun You of Suwon-Si, South Korea, and Jang Hee Lee of Seoul, South Korea, have developed an apparatus and a method to inspect display panels. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office, the invention ...
New York Inventor Develops Organic Light Emitting Diode Device
Jan 25, 2007 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Jan. 25 --Ronald S. Cok of Rochester, N.Y., has developed a method of making an organic light emitting diodes (OLED) device that includes the steps of: providing a curved, rigid substrate; and forming one or more OLED elements on the substrate, the U.S. Patent & Trademark ...
Michigan Inventors Develop Vent Assembly with Single Piece Cover
Jan 25, 2007 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Jan. 25 -- James A. Haigh of Shelby Township, Mich., Richard J. Iminski of St. Clair Shores, Mich., and Philip K. Truscott of Metamora, Mich., have developed a vent assembly for attachment to the roof of a vehicle. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "A ...
South Carolina, North Carolina Inventors Develop Merchandise Display Package Security Collar
Jan 25, 2007 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Jan. 25 -- Ronald M. Marsilio of Lake Wylie, S.C., and Christopher J. Fawcett of Charlotte, N.C., have developed a security collar for placement around the base of a display package to prevent removal of a cover from the base to protect merchandise contained ...
Hong Kong Inventor Develops Brassiere, Molded Breast Cup Construction Method
Jan 25, 2007 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Jan. 25 -- Bull Lau of Hong Kong has developed a method of making a breast cup for a garment of clothing. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office, the invention relates to a "breast cup for a brassiere including a flexible molded core panel trimmed to a breast cup ...
South Korean Inventors Develop Chemical Mechanical Polishing Apparatus
Jan 25, 2007 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Jan. 25 -- Ja-Eung Koo and Duk-Ho Hong, both of Goyang-si, South Korea, Sang-Cheol Han of Seoul, South Korea, and Moo-Yong Park of Yongin-si, South Korea, have developed a flexible membrane for a polishing head and a chemical mechanical polishing apparatus with the ...
Japanese Inventors Develop Surface Position Detection System
Jan 25, 2007 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Jan. 25 -- Yuichi Yamada of Tochigi-ken, Japan, and Shigeyuki Uzawa of Tokyo, have developed a surface position detecting system for detecting surface information related to a substrate. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "The system includes a single ...
Japanese Inventor Develops Multi-level Communication System
Jan 25, 2007 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Jan. 25 -- Seiichi Noda of Tokyo has developed a multi-level communication system and a method with error correction withit. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "A communication system for transmitting a six-phase modulated signal and including an ...
Japanese Inventors Develop Ventilation Member
Jan 25, 2007 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Jan. 25 -- Hiroaki Mashiko, Toshiki Yanagi and Hiroyuki Nishii, all from Ibaraki, Japan, have developed a ventilation member and vented housing using the same. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "A ventilation member having: a breathable film ...
German Inventors Develop Integrated Circuit Operating Method
Jan 25, 2007 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Jan. 25 -- Holger Sedlak of Sauerlach, Germany, and Thomas Kunemund of Munich, Germany, have developed an integrated circuit and a method for operating an integrated circuit. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "An integrated circuit having at least one ...
U.S., Japanese Inventors Develop Air-Packing Device Structure
Jan 25, 2007 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Jan. 25 -- Yasuzumi Tanaka of Kawasaki, Japan, and Katsutoshi Yoshifusa of Lake Forest, Calif., have developed an air-packing device that has an improved shock absorbing capability to protect a product in a container box. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark ...
EPA Final Rule on Extension of Tolerance for Emergency Exemptions Sent to House
Jan 25, 2007 ... WASHINGTON, Jan. 25 -- The House Agriculture Committee has received an executive branch communication from the Environmental Protection Agency.The Principal Deputy Associate Administrator at EPA has transmitted, pursuant to law [5 U.S.C. 801(a)(1)(A)], the Agency's final rule on Extension of ...
EPA Final Rule on Pesticide Tolerance of Boscalid Sent to House
Jan 25, 2007 ... WASHINGTON, Jan. 25 -- The House Agriculture Committee has received an executive branch communication from the Environmental Protection Agency.The Principal Deputy Associate Administrator at EPA has transmitted, pursuant to law [5 U.S.C. 801(a)(1)(A)], the Agency's final rule on ...
EPA Final Rule on Surface Coating of Automobile and Light-Duty Trucks Sent to House
Jan 25, 2007 ... WASHINGTON, Jan. 25 -- The House Energy and Commerce Committee has received an executive branch communication from the Environmental Protection Agency.The Principal Deputy Associate Administrator at EPA has transmitted, pursuant to law [5 U.S.C. 801(a)(1)(A)], the Agency's final rule on ...
EPA Final Rule on Pesticide Tolerance Nomenclature Changes Sent to House
Jan 25, 2007 ... WASHINGTON, Jan. 25 -- The House Agriculture Committee has received an executive branch communication from the Environmental Protection Agency.The Principal Deputy Associate Administrator at EPA has transmitted, pursuant to law [5 U.S.C. 801(a)(1)(A)], the Agency's final rule on Pesticide ...
Report on Child and Family Services Grant-making Temporary Amendment Act of 2006 Sent to House
Jan 25, 2007 ... WASHINGTON, Jan. 25 -- The House Oversight and Government Reform Committee has received a communication from the Council of the District of Columbia.The Chairman has transmitted, pursuant to law [D.C. Code section 1-233(c)(1)], a copy of D.C. ACT 16-486, ...
EPA Final Rule on Pesticide Tolerance of Myclobutanil Sent to House
Jan 25, 2007 ... WASHINGTON, Jan. 25 -- The House Agriculture Committee has received an executive branch communication from the Environmental Protection Agency.The Principal Deputy Associate Administrator at EPA has transmitted, pursuant to law [5 U.S.C. 801(a)(1)(A)], the Agency's final rule on ...
EPA Final Rule on Pesticide Tolerance of Fluroxypyr Sent to House
Jan 25, 2007 ... WASHINGTON, Jan. 25 -- The House Agriculture Committee has received an executive branch communication from the Environmental Protection Agency.The Principal Deputy Associate Administrator at EPA has transmitted, pursuant to law [5 U.S.C. 801(a)(1)(A)], the Agency's final rule on ...
EPA Final Rule on Pesticide Tolerances for Emergency Exemptions of Azoxystrobin Sent to House
Jan 25, 2007 ... WASHINGTON, Jan. 25 -- The House Agriculture Committee has received an executive branch communication from the Environmental Protection Agency.The Principal Deputy Associate Administrator at EPA has transmitted, pursuant to law [5 U.S.C. 801(a)(1)(A)], the Agency's final rule on Azoxystrobin; ...
Report on Targeted Historic Preservation Assistance Amendment Act of 2006 Sent to House
Jan 25, 2007 ... WASHINGTON, Jan. 25 -- The House Oversight and Government Reform Committee has received a communication from the Council of the District of Columbia.The Chairman has transmitted, pursuant to law [D.C. Code section 1-233(c)(1)], a copy of ...
Report on Technical Amendments Act of 2006 Sent to House
Jan 25, 2007 ... WASHINGTON, Jan. 25 -- The House Oversight and Government Reform Committee has received a communication from the Council of the District of Columbia.The Chairman has transmitted, pursuant to law [D.C. Code section ...
Report on Health Insurance Coverage for Habilitative Services for Children Act of 2006 Sent to House
Jan 25, 2007 ... WASHINGTON, Jan. 25 -- The House Oversight and Government Reform Committee has received a communication from the Council of the District of Columbia.The Chairman has transmitted, pursuant to law [D.C. Code section 1-233(c)(1)], a copy of D.C. ACT ...
EPA Final Rule on Notice of Grant Funding Guidance for State and Tribal Response Programs Sent to House
Jan 25, 2007 ... WASHINGTON, Jan. 25 -- The House Energy and Commerce Committee has received an executive branch communication from the Environmental Protection Agency.The Principal Deputy Associate Administrator at EPA has transmitted, pursuant to law [5 U.S.C. 801(a)(1)(A)], the Agency's final rule on ...
Covington Aircraft Engines Wins $36,920 Contract
Jan 25, 2007 ... JUNEAU, Alaska, Jan. 25 -- The U.S. Department of Agriculture has awarded a $36,920 contract to Covington Aircraft Engines, Okmulgee, Okla., for the overhaul of Pratt & Whitney aircraft engines. The contract was awarded by USDA's Forest Service, R-10 Alaska Region, Juneau, ...
Kara Wins $42,326 Contract
Jan 25, 2007 ... ROCK ISLAND, Ill., Jan. 25 -- The U.S. Army has awarded a $42,326 contract to Kara Co. Inc., La Grange, Ill., for miscellaneous fire control equipment. The contract was awarded by the U.S. Army Tank-Automotive & Armaments Command, Rock Island, Ill. For more information about ...
Northrop Grumman Systems Wins $55,000 Contract
Jan 25, 2007 ... BETHPAGE, N.Y., Jan. 25 -- The U.S. Department of Defense has awarded a $55,000 contract to Northrop Grumman Systems Corp., Bethpage, for the maintenance, repair and rebuilding of equipment. The contract was awarded by DoD's Defense Contract Management Agency, Bethpage, ...
Fidelity Technologies Wins $111,670 Contract
Jan 25, 2007 ... ROCK ISLAND, Ill., Jan. 25 -- The U.S. Army has awarded a $111,670 contract to Fidelity Technologies Corp., Reading, Pa., for antennas, waveguides and related equipment. The contract was awarded by the U.S. Army Tank-Automotive & Armaments Command, Rock Island, Ill. For more ...
REP. ISRAEL TO PRESIDENT: MOVE BEYOND RHETORIC AND TOWARDS ACTION ON ENERGY INDEPENDENCE
Jan 25, 2007 ... Rep. Steve Israel, D-N.Y. (2nd CD), issued the following statement: Rep. Steve Israel (D-NY), Member of the House Appropriations Subcommittee on Energy and Water and Co-Chair of the Congressional Defense Energy Working Group, issued the following statement in response to this evening's ...
Japanese Inventors Develop Fluid Pressure Control Circuit
Jan 25, 2007 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Jan. 25 -- Masaru Morise and Akio Sugawara, both of Toyota, Japan, Hideki Miyata of Okazaki, Japan, Yuji Yasuda of Nishikamo-gun, Japan, have developed a method to enhance responsiveness while suppressing an overshoot and an undershoot of a fluid pressure. An abstract of ...
Inventors Develop Traffic Control Sign Information Communication System
Jan 25, 2007 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Jan. 25 -- Gerald Charles DiPiazza of Edenton, N.C., has developed a system and method to wirelessly communicate information between traffic control signs and vehicles. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "The method includes wirelessly communicating ...
California Inventor Develops Vehicle Activated Millimeter-Wave Interrogating System
Jan 25, 2007 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Jan. 25 -- Richard L. Rowe of Saratoga, Calif., has developed a vehicle activated millimeter-wave interrogating system. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "An interrogating system can include an interrogating apparatus configured to transmit toward and ...
California Inventor Develops Non-Volatile Memory
Jan 25, 2007 ... ALEXANDRIA, Va., Jan. 25 -- Christophe J. Chevallier of Palo Alto, Calif., has developed a memory device verify system that determines a state of memory cells in a memory. According to the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "The memory includes a memory array having a plurality of ...