Vaccine Weekly back issues from November 2008:
Bird flu vaccine protects people and pets.
Nov 05, 2008 ... A single vaccine could be used to protect chickens, cats and humans against deadly flu pandemics, according to an article published in the November issue of the Journal of General Virology. The vaccine protects birds and mammals against different flu strains and can even be given to birds ...
Research on anthrax discussed by scientists at National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.
Nov 05, 2008 ... According to recent research published in the journal Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, "The anthrax lethal toxin neutralization assay (TNA) will likely be used to correlate the protection offered by new anthrax vaccines in animal models to the immunogenicity that will be provided in ...
New anthrax vaccines study findings recently were reported by N. Marano and co-researchers.
Nov 05, 2008 ... According to recent research from the United States, "Context In 1999, the US Congress directed the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to conduct a pivotal safety and efficacy study of anthrax vaccine adsorbed ( AVA). To determine the effects on serological responses and injection ...
Researchers at University of Exeter release new data on aspergillosis.
Nov 05, 2008 ... According to recent research from Exeter, the United Kingdom, "Aspergillus fumigatus is a cosmopolitan saprotrophic fungus that is second only to Candida species as a cause of invasive fungal infections in immunocompromised humans. Current immunodiagnostic tests for invasive aspergillosis ...
Study data from St. Louis University update knowledge of bird flu.
Nov 05, 2008 ... "Influenza is a highly contagious, acute febrile respiratory illness that results in global morbidity and mortality annually. Avian influenza (H5N1) has the potential to cause a pandemic," scientists in the United States report (see also Bird Flu). "Avian influenza's ...
Studies by M.C. Gomez and co-authors describe new findings in Brucellosis.
Nov 05, 2008 ... According to recent research from Madrid, Spain, "The results of seven serologic tests for diagnosis of human brucellosis were evaluated." "The titrated Rose Bengal test, microagglutination test, microtiter- adapted Coombs test, and immunocapture- agglutination test ...
Researchers from University of Sao Paulo discuss findings in Chagas disease.
Nov 05, 2008 ... "Earlier studies have demonstrated in A/Sn mice highly susceptible to Chagas' disease protective immunity against lethal Trypanosoma cruzi infection elicited by vaccination with an open reading frame (ORF) expressed by amastigotes. In our experiments, we used this mouse model to search for ...
Research on cholera discussed by scientists at Massachusetts General Hospital.
Nov 05, 2008 ... According to recent research published in the journal Infection and Immunity, "An effective vaccine for Vibrio cholerae is not yet available for use in the developing world, where the burden of cholera disease is highest. Characterizing the proteins that are expressed by V. cholerae in the ...
Reports summarize diphtheria research from S. Reder and co-authors.(Report)
Nov 05, 2008 ... "Bead-based assay systems offer the possibility of measuring several specific antibodies in one sample simultaneously. This study evaluated a vaccine panel of a multianalyte system that measures antibodies to tetanus toxin, diphtheria toxin, and pertussis toxin ( PT) from Bordetella ...
Researchers from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention report on findings in encephalitis.
Nov 05, 2008 ... "The cross-reactive antibodies induced by flavivirus infections confound serodiagnosis and pathogenesis, especially in secondary infections caused by antigenically closely related yet distinct flaviviruses. The envelope (E) glycoprotein fusion peptide contains immunodominant cross-reactive ...
Study findings from J. Klingstrom et al provide new insights into hantavirus.
Nov 05, 2008 ... According to recent research from Solna, Sweden, "There are often sex differences in susceptibility to infectious diseases and in level of mortality after infection. These differences probably stem from sex-related abilities to mount proper or unwanted immune responses against an ...
Studies from University of Nebraska further understanding of herpesvirus.
Nov 05, 2008 ... According to recent research published in the journal Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, "Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), or Kaposi's sarcoma (KS)-associated herpesvirus, has been linked to all forms of KS. The results of most current serological assays for the detection of HHV-8-specific ...
Studies from University of Arkansas yield new data on human papillomavirus.(Report)
Nov 05, 2008 ... "Human papillomavirus (HPV)-specific T-cell response to the HPV type 16 (HPV16) E6 protein has beenshown to be associated with successful viral clearance. The patterns of CD8 T-cell epitopes within HPV16 E6 protein were previously studied in two women with HPV16 clearance," scientists ...
Data on immunization discussed by researchers at University of Utrecht.
Nov 05, 2008 ... According to recent research from Netherlands, "Neisseria meningitidis LpxL1 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) bearing penta-acylated lipid A is considered a promising adjuvant candidate for inclusion in future N. meningitidis vaccines, as it elicits a markedly reduced endotoxic response in human ...
Findings from College of Medicine provide new insights into immunization.
Nov 05, 2008 ... "The role of innate immunity in the host response to Bacillus anthracis is poorly understood. We found that normal human serum contains an antitoxin mechanism that is capable of protecting macrophages in vitro from B. anthracis lethal toxin-mediated killing," researchers in the United ...
Recent findings in immunization described by researchers from University of Perugia.
Nov 05, 2008 ... According to recent research published in the journal Infection and Immunity, "Mannoproteins are cell wall components of pathogenic fungi and play major virulence and immunogenic roles with both their mannan and protein moieties. The 65-kDa mannoprotein (MP65) of Candida albicans is a ...
Research conducted at Children's Hospital has provided new information about immunization.
Nov 05, 2008 ... "In 2007, Australia implemented the National human papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccination Program, which provides quadrivalent HPV vaccine free to all women aged 12-26 years. Following notification of 7 presumptive cases of anaphylaxis in the state of New South Wales, Australia, we verified ...
Research conducted at University of Kentucky has provided new information about immunization.
Nov 05, 2008 ... According to a study from the United States, "Uveitis can be a serious complication of leptospirosis." "Previous studies indicated that the leptospiral lipoproteins LruA and LruB are expressed in the eyes of uveitic horses and that antibodies directed against those proteins show ...
Researchers from Leiden University report recent findings in immunization.
Nov 05, 2008 ... "To investigate whether protective immune responses can be induced in the absence of normal interleukin12/23/gamma interferon (IL-12/23/IFN-gamma) axis signaling, we vaccinated with the seasonal influenza virus subunit vaccine two patients with complete IL-12/23 receptor beta 1 (IL-12/23R ...
Studies from J.S. Plested et al provide new data on immunization.
Nov 05, 2008 ... "The role of opsonophagocytosis (OP) in protection against meningococcal disease is controversial because patients with deficiencies in terminal complement proteins whose sera support OP but not bactericidal activity (BA) are at greatly increased risk of disease. We assayed ...
Reports summarize life sciences research from S.Q. Yu and co-authors.(Report)
Nov 05, 2008 ... "Lipooligosaccharide (LOS) from Moraxella catarrhalis has the potential to elicit bactericidal antibodies against the pathogen. We generated LOS-based conjugate vaccines that elicited bactericidal antibodies in animal models," researchers in the United States report (see also Life ...
Research from University of Cincinnati in the area of life sciences published.
Nov 05, 2008 ... "Paracoccidioides brasiliensis causes a chronic granulomatous mycosis prevalent in Latin America. The successful resolution of infection with this fungus is dependent on the activation of cellular immunity," investigators in the United States report (see also Life Sciences). ...
Research reports from C. Ramirezpfeiffer and co-authors provide new insights into life sciences.
Nov 05, 2008 ... "The performance of the fluorescence polarization assay (FPA) using the recently described Brucella melitensis native hapten and the Brucella abortus O- polysaccharide tracer was evaluated and compared with those of The World Organization for Animal Health tests related to indirect and ...
Researchers from University of Hawaii provide details of new studies and findings in the area of life sciences.
Nov 05, 2008 ... According to a study from the United States, "Immunizations with Plasmodium falciparum MSP1-42 or MSP1-19 induce antibodies that inhibit parasites in vitro, which correlates with in vivo protective immunity by vaccination. We previously showed that several adjuvant formulations can induce ...
Researchers from University of Sao Paulo publish new studies and findings in the area of life sciences.
Nov 05, 2008 ... "N-Acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) is the major immunoepitope of group A streptococcal cell wall carbohydrates. Antistreptococcal antibodies cross-reactive with anti-GlcNAc and laminin are present in sera of patients with rheumatic fever," scientists writing in the journal Clinical and Vaccine ...
Scientists at University of Texas discuss research in life sciences.(Report)
Nov 05, 2008 ... "We have previously demonstrated the protective efficacy of intranasal vaccination with a defined Francisella tularensis subsp. novicida Delta igIC mutant (KKF24) against pulmonary F. novicida U112 challenge. In this study, we further characterized the mechanisms of KKF24-induced ...
Studies from University of Central Florida, Medical Department update current data on life sciences.
Nov 05, 2008 ... According to a study from the United States, "The chloroplast bioreactor is an alternative to fermentation-based systems for production of vaccine antigens and biopharmaceuticals. We report here expression of the plague FIN fusion antigen in chloroplasts." "Site-specific ...
New monoclonal antibodies study findings have been reported by F.R. Carvalho and colleagues.
Nov 05, 2008 ... "The present study aimed to evaluate the performance of three monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) in reverse enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for detecting immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgM, and IgA antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii in 175 serum samples from patients at different stages ...
New data from University of Otago illuminate research in mycobacteria.
Nov 05, 2008 ... "Immune responses of red deer (Cervus elaphus) that presented with different levels of paucibacillary pathology were profiled to detail immune changes during the progression of Johne's disease. Immune responses were monitored using an immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) antibody enzyme- linked ...
New findings from Ohio State University in the area of phosphatase described.(Report)
Nov 05, 2008 ... According to a study from the United States, "Francisella tularensis is a facultative intracellullar pathogen and the etiologic agent of tularemia. It is capable of escape from macrophage phagosomes and replicates in the host cell cytosol." "Bacterial acid phosphatases are ...
New pneumonia study findings recently were reported by researchers at State University of New York.(Report)
Nov 05, 2008 ... "Acinetobacter baumannii is a bacterial pathogen of increasing medical importance. Little is known about its mechanisms of pathogenesis, and safe reliable agents with predictable activity against A. baumannii are presently nonexistent," researchers in the United States report (see also ...
Data on tuberculosis described by researchers at Colorado State University.(Report)
Nov 05, 2008 ... According to recent research from the United States, "Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) currently remains the only licensed vaccine for the prevention of tuberculosis. In this study, we used a newly described flow cytometric technique to monitor changes in cell populations ...
Studies from Brigham and Women's Hospital have provided new data on tuberculosis.(Report)
Nov 05, 2008 ... "Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection elicits antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells that are required to control disease. It is unknown how the major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) pathway samples mycobacterial antigens," scientists writing in the journal Infection and Immunity ...
New urinary tract infection study findings have been published by scientists at University of Michigan, Medical Department.
Nov 05, 2008 ... "Proteus mirabilis, a gram-negative bacterium, is a frequent cause of complicated urinary tract infections in those with functional or anatomical abnormalities or those subject to long-term catheterization. To systematically identify surface-exposed antigens as potential vaccine ...
Data from G. Norheim and colleagues advance knowledge in vaccines.
Nov 05, 2008 ... According to a study from Oslo, Norway, "Dissecting the specificities of human antibody responses following disease caused by serogroup A meningococci may be important for the development of improved vaccines. We performed a study of Ethiopian patients during outbreaks in 2002 and 2003." ...
Findings from Harvard University in vaccines reported.(Clinical report)
Nov 05, 2008 ... According to recent research from the United States, "Conjugate vaccines against pathogens of multiple serotypes are optimized when all components induce functional antibody, resulting in broadened coverage. While most clinical studies of vaccines against group B Streptococcus (GBS) have ...
Reports summarize vaccines study results from V. Revaz and co-researchers.
Nov 05, 2008 ... "Monitoring of T-cell responses in genital mucosa has remained a major challenge because of the absence of lymphoid aggregates and the low abundance of T cells. Here we have adapted to genital tissue a sensitive real-time reverse transcription-PCR (TaqMan) method to measure induction of ...
Research from McGill University has provided new data on vaccines.
Nov 05, 2008 ... According to a study from Montreal, Canada, "Activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) on antigen-presenting cells of the innate immune system initiates, amplifies, and directs the antigen-specific acquired immune response. Ligands that stimulate TLRs therefore represent potential vaccine ...
Research in the area of vaccines reported from Dalhousie University.(Report)
Nov 05, 2008 ... "Streptococcus gordonii, an oral commensal organism, is a candidate vector for oral-vaccine development. Previous studies have shown that recombinant S. gordonii expressing heterologous antigens was weakly immunogenic when delivered intranasally," researchers in Halifax, Canada report (see ...
Studies from University of Texas have provided new information about vaccines.(Report)
Nov 05, 2008 ... According to recent research published in the journal Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, "Trypanosoma cruzi is the etiologic agent of Chagas' disease, a major health problem in Latin America and an emerging infectious disease in the United States. Previously, we screened a T. cruzi sequence ...
Georgetown University, Medical Department reports research in west nile virus.(Report)
Nov 05, 2008 ... According to recent research from the United States, "West Nile virus and dengue virus are mosquito-borne flaviviruses that cause a large number of human infections each year. No vaccines or chemotherapeutics are currently available." "These viruses encode a serine protease that ...
Data on yersinia published by T. Blisnick and colleagues.
Nov 05, 2008 ... "We evaluated the possibility of using Yersinia pseudotuberculosis as a live vaccine against plague because it shares high genetic identity with Y. pestis while being much less virulent, genetically much more stable, and deliverable orally. A total of 41 Y. pseudotuberculosis strains were ...
Study findings from University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute provide new insights into bronchiolitis vaccines.(Report)
Nov 05, 2008 ... New research, 'Lung dendritic cells in respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis,' is the subject of a report. "Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis, an important respiratory disease in infancy, is thought to be caused by severe inflammation of the small peripheral airways and ...
Research from University of Cambridge, Department of Pathology provides new data on human papillomavirus vaccines.
Nov 05, 2008 ... A report, 'Immunobiology of human papillomavirus infection and vaccination - implications for second generation vaccines,' is newly published data in Vaccine. "Prophylactic human papillomavirus (HPV) L1 virus like particle (VLP) vaccines have been shown, in large clinical trials, to be ...
New research on immunization from University Federal of Pelotas summarized.(Report)
Nov 05, 2008 ... New investigation results, 'B subunit of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin as adjuvant of humoral immune response in recombinant BCG vaccination,' are detailed in a study published in Canadian Journal of Microbiology. According to recent research from Pelotas, Brazil, "The B subunit ...
Study findings from Baylor College of Medicine, College of Medicine broaden understanding of immunization.
Nov 05, 2008 ... Scientists discuss in 'Universal influenza vaccination and live attenuated influenza vaccination of children' new findings in immunization. "Influenza is an uncontrolled epidemic disease that is vaccine preventable. Each winter the peak of medically attended acute respiratory illness ...
Scientists at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Department of Infectious Diseases discuss research in influenza epidemiology.
Nov 05, 2008 ... Investigators publish new data in the report 'Preparing for the next influenza pandemic.' According to recent research from the United States, "There are 3 requirements for an influenza virus to cause a pandemic. It must be antigenically novel, cause severe disease, and transmit easily ...
Scientists at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Department of Infectious Diseases describe research in influenza vaccines.
Nov 05, 2008 ... Data detailed in 'Vaccines against pandemic influenza: what can be done before the next pandemic' have been presented. "We currently do not know which specific influenza subtype or isolate will cause the next influenza pandemic. However, 4 influenza virus hemagglutinin subtypes (H2, H5, ...
New data from Vanderbilt University, Department of Pediatrics illuminate research in life sciences.
Nov 05, 2008 ... A new study, 'Current status of vaccines for parainfluenza virus infections,' is now available. "Parainfluenza viruses (PIV) have been generally disregarded as pathogens in spite of their importance in pediatric lower respiratory illness. Because PIVs account for 17% of hospitalized ...
New life sciences research reported from Vanderbilt University, Department of Pediatrics.
Nov 05, 2008 ... Current study results from the report, 'Current status of vaccines for parainfluenza virus infections,' have been published. According to a study from the United States, "Parainfluenza viruses (PIV) have been generally disregarded as pathogens in spite of their importance in pediatric ...
Studies from University of the Witwatersrand, National Institute for Communicable Diseases reveal new findings on malaria.(Report)
Nov 05, 2008 ... Research findings, 'Improving quantitation of malaria parasite burden with digital image analysis,' are discussed in a new report. According to recent research from South Africa, "Quantitation of malaria parasite burden has prognostic value as well as providing objective evidence of ...
Studies from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention provide new data on mumps epidemiology.
Nov 05, 2008 ... Investigators publish new data in the report 'Mumps epidemiology and immunity: the anatomy of a modern epidemic.' According to recent research from the United States, "The success of the measles, mumps, and rubella 2-dose vaccination program led public health officials in 1998 to set a ...
New mycoplasma study results from University of Georgia, Department of Population Health described.
Nov 05, 2008 ... New investigation results, 'Control of avian mycoplasma infections in commercial poultry,' are detailed in a study published in Avian Diseases. "Control of pathogenic avian mycoplasmas can consist of one of three general approaches: Maintaining flocks free of infection, medication, or ...
Studies from Northwestern University, Department of Pediatrics in the area of rotavirus vaccines published.
Nov 05, 2008 ... Current study results from the report, 'Rotavirus vaccines: viral shedding and risk of transmission,' have been published. "Rotavirus causes gastroenteritis in almost all children by 5 years of age. Immunity to rotavirus is incomplete, with potential for recurrent infections occurring ...
Reports summarize sendai virus vaccines study results from University of Tennessee.
Nov 05, 2008 ... Data detailed in 'Development of recombinant sendai virus vaccines for prevention of human parainfluenza and respiratory syncytial virus infections' have been presented. "Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human parainfluenza viruses (hPIVs) are the most important causes of ...
Research from University of Wisconsin in arthritis provides new insights.
Nov 05, 2008 ... According to a study from the United States, "We recently hypothesized that T helper 17 (Th17) cells and their associated cytokines are involved in the development of arthritis following infection with Borrelia burgdorferi. Here, we show that interleukin-23 (IL-23), a survival factor for ...
Researchers from Kuwait University, Medical Department report details of new studies and findings in the area of cholera.
Nov 05, 2008 ... "We have previously shown that Campylobacter jejuni strains do not produce a functional cholera toxin-like toxin (CTLT) detectable in a Chinese hamster ovary cell assay. Instead, the 53-kDa major outer membrane protein (OMP) of C. jejuni, PorA, reacts with cholera toxin (CT) antibody on ...
Researchers from University of Pittsburgh, Medical Department publish findings in cytokines.
Nov 05, 2008 ... "In previous work, we developed an 8-state nonlinear dynamic model of the acute inflammatory response, including activated phagocytic cells, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and tissue damage, and calibrated it to data on cytokines from endotoxemic rats. In the interest of parsimony, ...
Research on diarrhea detailed by scientists at University of Texas.
Nov 05, 2008 ... According to recent research from the United States, "Up to 60% of U. S. visitors to Mexico develop traveler's diarrhea (TD), mostly due to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains that produce heat-labile (LT) and/or heat-stable (ST) enterotoxins. Distinct single-nucleotide ...
New Escherichia coli study findings have been reported from J.A. Lapa et al.
Nov 05, 2008 ... According to recent research from the United States, "An oral, microencapsulated anti-colonization factor 6 antigen (meCS6) vaccine, with or without heat-labile enterotoxin with mutation R192G (LTR192G) (mucosal adjuvant), against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) was evaluated for ...
Findings from B.M.D.C. Bronsvoort and co-researchers advance knowledge in foot and mouth disease.(Report)
Nov 05, 2008 ... According to recent research published in the journal Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, "In this study we estimate the seroprevalence of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) in wildlife from eastern and central Africa. Sera were sourced from between 1994 and 2002 from a rinderpest ...
Researchers from University of Kentucky publish new studies and findings in the area of gender studies.
Nov 05, 2008 ... "This report evaluated systemic inflammatory and immune biomarkers in a cohort of Macaca mulatta ( rhesus monkeys) maintained as a large family social unit, including an age range from 24 years. We hypothesized that the systemic host responses would be affected by the age, gender, and ...
Researchers from Iowa State University, Medical Department report on findings in granuloma.(Report)
Nov 05, 2008 ... "Type II (lepromatous) granulomas are characterized by a lack of organization, with large numbers of macrophages heavily burdened with bacilli and disorganized lymphocyte infiltrations. Type II granulomas are a characteristic feature of the enteric lesions that develop during clinical ...
Researchers from College of Medicine publish findings in herpesvirus.
Nov 05, 2008 ... According to a study from the United States, "Chelonid fibropapillomatosis-associated herpesvirus (CFPHV) is an alphaherpesvirus believed to cause marine turtle fibropapillomatosis (FP). A serodiagnostic assay was developed for monitoring sea turtle populations for CFPHV exposure." ...
Researchers from University of Washington detail findings in herpesvirus.
Nov 05, 2008 ... According to a study from the United States, "This was a phase I study to assess the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of escalating doses of AG-702, a noncovalent complex of an HLA A*0201-restricted epitope in the glycoprotein B protein of herpes simplex virus type 2 (gB2) and ...