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Article: atmosphere
- Article from:
- The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
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Copyright informationThe Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Copyright 2008 Columbia University Press. (Hide copyright information)
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atmosphere [Gr.,=sphere of air], the mixture of gases surrounding a celestial body with sufficient gravity to maintain it. Although some details about the atmospheres of other planets and satellites are known, only the earth's atmosphere has been well studied, the science of which is called
meteorology
.
Components and Characteristics of the Earth's Atmosphere
The first 40 to 50 mi (64-80 km) above the earth contains 99% of the total mass of the earth's atmosphere and is generally of a uniform composition, except for a high concentration of ozone, known as the
ozone layer
, at 12-30 mi (19-50 km). Calculated according to their relative volumes, the gaseous constituents of the ...
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