Article: A relational approach to career counseling: theoretical integration and practical application. (Practice & Theory).

Embedded in our mainstream culture is the propensity to equate the need for connection and relationship with dependency--something to be avoided in favor of independent thought and judgment (Stiver, 1991). This theme has pervaded much of traditional psychological thought and developmental theory (e.g., Erikson, 1968; Levinson, 1978). The career development literature has been no exception. Indeed, relational experiences at the heart of career progress are frequently devalued and disregarded in favor of more autonomous approaches to exploration and decision making (e.g., Harren, 1979). This perspective is antithetical to that of relational theorists who have asserted that ...

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