Article: Trees, environment, and genes: in the evolutionary battle to survive and thrive, a species' parentage is just the beginning. (Heartwood).

Think about a tree that in your mind is perfect. Now imagine creating more trees just like that one-trees that grow tall and straight, or low and spreading, trees that seem untouched by bugs or blight. How do you recreate a 'perfect tree?

It's a question that's been debated for decades. Some insist that a tree's genetic material is a recipe for superior trees, that harvesting genetic material and then producing offspring creates a "cloned tree, an exact replica of' the parent. Others insist a tree is as much a product of its environment as its parentage. Who's right? The answer begins with genetics.

The classification system devised for the plant kingdom ...

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