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Article: Using massage and music therapy to improve postoperative outcomes.
- Article from:
- AORN Journal
- Article date:
- September 1, 2003
- Author:
CopyrightCOPYRIGHT 2003 Association of Operating Room Nurses, Inc. This material is published under license from the publisher through the Gale Group, Farmington Hills, Michigan. All inquiries regarding rights should be directed to the Gale Group. (Hide copyright information)
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Whether surgery is emergent or elective, the experience causes patient anxiety, which can be detrimental to surgical outcomes. (1) The anticipation of pain may cause increased anxiety, and, in turn, anxiety and pain cause an increase in levels of circulating catecholamines, adrenocorticotrophic hormone, growth hormone, prolactin, antidiuretic hormone, aldosterone, cortisol, glucagon, prostaglandins, and free fatty acids. (2) An increase in stress hormones and resulting metabolic responses can lead to a variety of morbid events, including myocardial and other organ ischemia, dysrhythmia, hypercoagulability, malnutrition, fluid and electrolyte imbalance, decreased wound ...