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Article: Laser Technology--a surgical tool of the past, present, and future.(Clinical)
- Article from:
- AORN Journal
- Article date:
- November 1, 2003
- Author:
CopyrightCOPYRIGHT 2003 Association of Operating Room Nurses, Inc. This material is published under license from the publisher through the Gale Group, Farmington Hills, Michigan. All inquiries regarding rights should be directed to the Gale Group. (Hide copyright information)
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Albert Einstein is credited with developing the field of quantum electronics (ie, a fancy name for laser physics) with a paper on photoelectric effects. (1) Einstein postulated that light does not consist of continuous waves (ie, small, hard particles) as early theorists believed. Instead it consists of bundles of energy called photons.
Neils Bohr's model of the atom, set forth in a series of papers in 1913, described atoms as constantly in motion, continuously vibrating, and moving. (2) In simple terms, the atom is composed of a small, dense nucleus that contains positively charged protons and neutral neutrons. (3) (p132) Negatively charged electrons orbit the ...