Article: Genetic and biological advances help unlock mysteries of mental retardation.

Byline: Sue Goetinck Ambrose

DALLAS _ Scientists devote a lot of brainpower to figuring out how the brain works. They're also trying to solve something equally mysterious _ why, in cases of mental retardation, the brain doesn't work quite right.

The hundreds of known causes of mental retardation range from genetic abnormalities to toxic substances such as alcohol and lead. Still, for about a third of people with mental retardation _ defined as an IQ below 70 to 75 _ no cause has yet been found.

But new avenues of research based on advances in genetics, biology and cell science are helping brain scientists solve these mysteries.

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