Article: Depth-Defying Discoveries.(discoveries, geology of ocean floor)

The ocean floor has long been perceived as a cold, dark, desolate wasteland--a watery graveyard buried beneath a blanket of decaying debris from plant and animal life above. It's not an altogether inaccurate image, but exploration and research in recent decades have uncovered not only the abundance of deep-sea life but environments like those that may have spawned life on Earth. In the frigid depths, geological phenomena like hydrothermal vents spew water hotter than 500 degrees Fahrenheit, carrying heat and minerals from the Earth's mantle. The vents belch sulfuric clouds of "smoke" into the sea, nourishing bacteria, food for other marine life further up the chain. Tube ...

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