Article: Homo Ludens and Esau e Jaco, Homo Economicus and Hard Times: literary representations of the nineteenth-century bourgeoisie.(analysis of characters in works of Johan Huizinga, Ian Watt, Machado de Assis)

Roberto Schwarz, em Ao vencedor as batatas [...] e Raymundo Faoro em Machado de Assis, a piramide e o trapezio [...] demonstram de que modo as novelas de Jose de Alencar (1829-1877) e Machado de Assis (1839-1908) revelam tracos da burguesia brasileira que nao correspondem aos padroes europeus.

(Richard M. Morse, O Espelho de Prospero)

In this essay I shall introduce the concepts of Homo Ludens and Homo Economicus as they appear in the work of Johan Huizinga and Ian Watt. I will trace the social rise of two characters: the bourgeois Santos of Esau e Jaco and the bourgeois Bounderby of Hard Times, and I will then attempt to demonstrate how closely the ...

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