Article: Companies, mercantilism and the development of seventeenth-century .

The turn of the seventeenth century witnessed dramatic new developments in the structure of European trade in the Indian Ocean. The century-old reign of the Portuguese Estado da India was put to the test as a series of Dutch and English interlopers rounded the Cape of Good Hope in a bid to capture the lucrative trade in Asian spices. The advent of northern European commercial interests also marked the arrival of a new trading institution, the joint-stock trading company, into Asian waters. Not surprisingly, the confrontation between European colonial interests in the region has thus been seen as a confrontation between two ways of organizing overseas trade: the patrimonial ...

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