Article: Onstage, offstage. Women and slaves in the theatre of protest.(portrayals of women and slaves in Brazilian plays and musicals in the 19th century)

The change in women's roles and in the status of slaves in Brazilian society during the formation of the free labour market in the nineteenth century contributed to a re-definition of patriarchy and of patriarchal control. Through the medium of public and private performance this article examines ways in which women and slaves, held to ideals of obedience and submissiveness by a patriarchally governed society, challenged and maneuvered male control. Plays and popular comedies, farces, musical presentation, and spontaneous entertainment, illustrate the individual and collective protest towards male authority that emerged from within, rather than in direct confrontation with ...

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