Article: Barefoot contessas. (modern dance pioneers Isadora Duncan and Martha Graham) (The Creators) (Cover Story)

Dance, sometimes called the original art, is also the universal art, for man has always carried it with him. Ballet, which transformed dancing into a controlled dramatic art, arose out of the lavish efforts of the Italian Renaissance court to entertain itself. By the beginning of the 20th century, American pioneers of modern dance were declaring independence from the ballet. Their prophet was Isadora Duncan (1878-1927), who at age 6 was teaching neighborhood infants how to wave their arms gracefully, explaining to her mother that she was running a dancing school.

Born in San Francisco, the fourth child of a reckless businessman who abandoned the family, Isadora ...

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