Pathways to the professoriate: the role of self, others, and environment in shaping academic career aspirations.

Since the 1950s, there has been much written on how personal and environmental factors shape people's career choices. Theories that examine vocational outcomes from the perspective of the individual have included developmental approaches (e.g., Ginzburg, 1951; Gottfriedson, 1981; Super & Bohn, 1971); personality-based theories (e.g., Roe, 1956); trait and factor approaches (e.g., Lofquist, & Dawis, 1969); typological theories (Holland, 1973, 1985); and self-concept theories (e.g., Super, 1954). In the 1970s and 1980s, new perspectives on vocational decision-making emerged including social learning theory (e.g., Krumboltz, Mitchell, & Jones, 1976) and self-efficacy theory ...

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