Article: Signal conditioning for your thermocouples: temperature is the most-measured physical property, and thermocouples do most of the measuring. But you can't just plug them in and count on accurate readings. Here's what to look for--and look out for.(SENSOR TECHNOLOGY AND DESIGN)

Thermocouples (TCs) are probably the most widely used and least understood of all temperature measurement devices. When connected in pairs, TCs are simple and efficient sensors that output an extremely small DC voltage proportional to the temperature difference between the two junctions in a closed thermoelectric circuit (see Figure 1, page 20). One junction is normally held at a constant reference temperature, while the other is immersed in the environment to be measured. The operating principle, known as the Seebeck effect, depends on the unique value of thermal electromotive force (EMF) measured between the open ends of the leads and the junction of two dissimilar ...

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