Article: Gender differences in three-dimensional mental rotation: a replication.

THE MAGNITUDE AND SIGNIFICANCE of the male performance advantage on spatial ability measures have been debated (Benbow, 1988; Caplan, MacPherson, & Tobin, 1985; Jacklin, 1989). Caplan et al. argued that "sex differences in spatial abilities do not exist" (p. 797), yet consistent gender differences on both psychometric and chronometric spatial tasks have been reported in numerous empirical studies and reviews (e.g., Gilger & Ho, 1989; Linn & Peterson, 1985; Sanders, Soares, & D'Aquila, 1982). However, estimates of the magnitude of the effect size relating gender and spatial abilities vary greatly (Hyde, 1981; Sanders et al., 1982). Hyde, using meta-analytic procedures, ...

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