Article: Heat treating iron castings: Part 1.(CASTING FACTS)

Many metal castings are designed with relatively uniform wall thickness and section size and therefore experience little significant residual stress and structural variation after solidification. However, iron castings can be prone to retain residual stresses and structural variations after cooling, especially when they have a complex shape with many interconnected thick and thin sections. This variation can cause distortion and non-uniform mechanical properties. Dimensional instability is most likely to become evident during machining. Annealing, stress relieving and normalizing are thermal treatments that can reduce the residual stress and non-uniform mechanical ...

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