Article: Black South African unions: relative wage effects in international perspective.

There was a semblance of industrial peace in South Africa in the 1970s when apartheid was at its apogee. White, so-called colored, and Asian workers were permitted union rights and were integrated in formalized bargaining arrangements called Industrial Councils. African workers--the vast majority--were denied union rights. Labor unrest was minimal.

In the early 1980s African workers gained limited union rights, and the total number of union members (of all races combined) grew from some 760,000 in 1979 to 1.8 million in 1985. Strike activity rose to levels similar to those in the United Kingdom and the United States.

A data set for 1985 permits study of ...

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