Article: Beyond Gratz and Grutter: prospects for affirmative action in the aftermath of the Supreme Court's Michigan decisions.

Introduction

The policy of affirmative action in higher education has seen a number of twists and turns over the past 25 years since the landmark Supreme Court decision in June of 1978 in Regents of the University of California v. Bakke. Almost exactly 25 years after a divided Court decided Bakke 5 to 4, the Supreme Court issued its ruling in cases involving racial preference programs at the University of Michigan involving both their undergraduate and law school admissions programs. These two cases, Gratz v. Bollinger (2003) and Grutter v. Bollinger (2003), provided a historic opportunity for the Supreme Court to reexamine affirmative action, in light of both ...

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