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Article: Cooperative and competitive orientations in 4-h and non-4-h children: a pilot study.
- Article from:
- Journal of Research in Childhood Education
- Article date:
- June 22, 2005
- Author:
CopyrightCOPYRIGHT 2005 Association for Childhood Education International. This material is published under license from the publisher through the Gale Group, Farmington Hills, Michigan. All inquiries regarding rights should be directed to the Gale Group. (Hide copyright information)
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Abstract. This study constructed questionnaire measures of cooperative and competitive orientations, and pilot-tested them with 1,176 elementary school-age 4-H members and non-members. A measure of parent support was also obtained from these children. Factor analyses revealed that competitive and cooperative learning orientations are orthogonal and not oppositional. Analyses of variance revealed that 4-H members have lower competitive and cooperative orientations, compared to non-members; also, that boys have substantially higher cooperative orientations than girls. These unexpected results need replication.
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