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Standards and practice for K-12 physical education in Singapore: although physical education is required at all grade levels in Singapore, physical educators there still battle marginalization of their subject.(Standards and Practice in Asian Physical Education)

To understand and appreciate the current standards and practices of physical education in Singapore, a brief review of history is warranted. Before 1984, physical education teachers were trained through course electives offered at the Teachers' Training College; however, only "Certificates in Education," rather than academic degrees, were awarded. In 1984, the College of Physical Education (CPE) was established. This came about mainly through the efforts of the Ministry of Defense (which was concerned about the fitness levels of young men, who were required to enlist in military service at the age of 19), and with the blessing of the Ministry of Education (MOE). For the first ...

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