Article: Managed care and gender disparities in problematic health care experiences.(Managed Health Care)

In 2003, 95 percent of persons with employer-sponsored health insurance were enrolled in some form of managed care (including HMOs, PPOs, and POS plans) (Kaiser Family Foundation 2003a). Although managed care has the potential to improve care by reducing fragmentation of care and focusing on preventive care and disease management, it also has the potential to undermine appropriate care by altering treatment patterns and imposing barriers to care. The consequences of managed care practices can also affect the care of patients under conventional insurance, by changing practice norms or intensifying market pressures on practitioners (Baker 1997; Mukamel, Zwanziger, and ...

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