Article: Ethical dilemmas encountered by Independent Living Service Providers. (Service Delivery)

Emergence of the independent living paradigm indicated that the perceptual problem of disability is attributable to the environment and societal values, rather than within the person with a disability. Solutions to consumers' problems/needs focus on peer counseling, advocacy, consumer control and the removal of architectural barriers. The desired outcomes in independent living are enhanced choices in life (e.g., living arrangements, assertiveness, mobility, and community activity) (DeJong, 1979).

Hahn (1984) indicated there is a changing perception of disability from a "functional limitations model," emphasizing improving the person to cope with the environment, to a ...

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