Article: Bawdy bodies or moral agency? The struggle for identity in working-class autobiographies of imperial Germany.

To put it simply: the masses must for ever remain the masses. There would be no culture without kitchen maids.

--Heinrich von Treitschke, Politics 24

KITCHEN MAIDS HAVE A CULTURE, TOO

In his autobiography Unterwegs. Eine Selbstbiographie [On the Road: A Self-Biography], the factory worker and later Social Democrat Heinrich Holek (1864-1935) links himself to his ancestors, "people of labor [Arbeitsmenschen], women and men alike. Their life was a struggle with deprivation.... They were driven to work by the overseer with scorn and whips, they humbly carried their tithe in full baskets to the palace of the lord, of count, bishop or abbot" (9). In ...

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