Article: Francis Petrarch: first modern friend.

In the classic Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy, Jacob Burckhardt developed a concept of an era, a concept that despite controversy would retain currency for over a century. Drawing on Goethe and the tradition of nineteenth-century German liberalism, Burckhardt emphasized the rise of individualism as the defining feature of the Renaissance. As Hans Baron observed, "No other leitmotif occurs as often in his texts as the contention that the Italians of the Renaissance were the 'first-born among the sons of modern Europe' ... and that 'the first truly modern man,' 'a wholly recognizable prototype of modern man,' appeared in the period of Petrarch and the ...

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