Article: "Saturnalia of blood": masculine self-control and American Indians in the frontier novel.

American novelists of the early nineteenth century inclined to use the Indian as a literary motif found themselves in a quandary regarding two of the primary cultural projects of the day, the emphasis placed on civilized masculine self-control versus the "need" to expand the western frontier and eliminate the Indian presence there. In an era that increasingly stressed the need for masculine self-control in order to focus passions like anger into socially productive channels, how could the violence of the white westward expansion be reconciled? How did violence, the ideal of masculine self-control, ethnic stereotyping, and the expansion of the western frontier interact as ...

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