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Surface.
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Monthly Climatic Data for the World
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November 1, 2005
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Copyright informationCOPYRIGHT 2005 World Meteorological Organization. This material is published under license from the publisher through the Gale Group, Farmington Hills, Michigan. All inquiries regarding rights should be directed to the Gale Group. (Hide copyright information)
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REFERENCE NOTES
Names of countries (areas) and stations are those used in WMO Publication No. 9, Vol. A--Stations, except that long names may be shortened. Only those stations authorized as contributors by the WMO in VOLUME A are published. "Means" and "totals" mentioned below are monthly summary means and totals. Units abbreviations: celsius = C, degrees = o, geopotential meters = gpm, meters = m, hectopascals = hPa, millimeters = mm, minutes = ', percent = %.
The long term surface data AVERAGES required for these tables were calculated for 1961-1990 from data received at the National Climatic Data Center during those years. Six years of data were considered to be ...
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Biases in wind speed estimation from satellite-based remote sensing
Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society;
December 1, 2002 ;
Barthelmie, R J; Pryor, S C;
445 words
...Wind speed distributions over the oceans are necessary...10-m winds of +/- 2 m s^sup -1^ in the wind speed range 2-24 m s^sup-1^ if the wind direction...the operational range and accuracy of wind speed measured using conventional in situ instrumentation...
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A Novel Approach to Marine Wind Speed Assessment Using Synthetic Aperture...
Weather and Forecasting;
February 1, 2006 ;
Sikora, Todd D; Young, George S; Winstead, Nathaniel S;
787 words
......on synthetic aperture radar (SAR)-based marine wind speed. The SAR-based wind speed fields of the current research are generated...product described here consists of a pair of wind speed images bounding the wind speed range consistent...
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Nowcasting the variation of wind speed with height using gust factor...
National Weather Digest;
December 1, 2003 ;
Hsu, S.A.;
787 words
......ground level up to a few hundred feet, the wind speed normally increases with height under...Knowledge of the vertical variation of the wind speed is important to operational meteorologists...evacuation shelter? This increase in wind speed is often estimated operationally using...
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A two-parameter wind speed algorithm for Ku-band altimeters
Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology;
December 1, 2002 ;
Gourrion, J; Vandemark, D; Bailey, S; Chapron, B; Et al;
787 words
......correlates with both the near-surface wind speed and the sea state. Satellite data from...used to develop an empirical altimeter wind speed model that attenuates the sea-state signature...to improve satellite altimeter ocean wind speed retrieval using many differing numerical...
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Vector Wind Energy Inc.: Change of Name; Change of Head Office.
Canadian Corporate News;
January 5, 2005 ;
220 words
......it has changed its corporate name to Vector Wind Energy Inc. and has transferred its...the reverse take over of the former Vector Wind Energy Inc. ( Vector ) on November 22...The former Vector changed its name to Vector Wind Operating Corp. and is now a 100% subsidiary...
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Questions & answers. (Mind games).(wind speed and time zones)(Brief...
Geographical;
April 1, 2002 ;
403 words
...FAST AS THE WIND What is the fastest wind speed ever recorded on Earth and where was this? How is wind speed measured? Wind speed is usually measured using an anemometer. There are many varieties but the traditional cup-type anemometer works on...
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Method for estimation of surface roughness and similarity function of wind...
Journal of Applied Meteorology;
May 1, 1998 ;
Sozzi, Roberto; Favaron, Maurizio; Georgiadis, Teodoro;
787 words
......universal similarity function of the wind speed profile ((psi)^sub M^) based on ultrasonic...not require experimental knowledge of wind speed vertical profiles. It permits the use...other things, this interaction decreases wind speed in inverse relation to the closeness...
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Atmospheric Circulation Effects on Wind Speed Variability at Turbine...
Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology;
April 1, 2007 ;
Klink, Katherine;
787 words
...ABSTRACT Mean monthly wind speed at 70 m above ground level is investigated...as 12 months. Monthly variation in wind speed primarily is determined by the north-sou...depending on the site). Regression on wind speed residuals (pressure gradient effects...
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Manual and Semiautomated Wind Direction Editing for Use in the Generation...
Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology;
June 1, 2007 ;
Young, George S; Sikora, Todd D; Winstead, Nathaniel S;
787 words
......as an accurate scatterometer, yielding wind speed fields with subkilometer resolution. This wind speed generation is only possible, however...sources has shortcomings that can lead to wind speed errors in the SAR-derived field. Manual...
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A Combined Physical-Statistical Approach for the Downscaling of Model Wind...
Weather and Forecasting;
June 1, 2004 ;
de Rooy, Wim C; Kok, Kees;
787 words
......approach for the downscaling of model wind speed is assessed. The key factor in this approach...and the locally valid conditions. For wind speed, the RM is primarily determined by the...model output to produce high-resolution wind speed fields. Using a 3-yr dataset, the combined...
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An Examination of Tropical and Extratropical Gust Factors and the...
Journal of Applied Meteorology;
February 1, 2005 ;
Paulsen, B M; Schroeder, J L;
787 words
......ratio between a peak wind gust and mean wind speed over a period of time, can be used along...extratropical systems. Using high-resolution wind speed data collected from both landfalling...associated tropical and extratropical wind speed histograms. As expected, the mean gust...
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British Inventors Develop Wind Speed Measurement Apparatus
US Fed News Service, Including US State News;
January 1, 2008 ;
259 words
......Malvern, Great Britain, have developed a wind speed measurement apparatus. According to the...that comprises a laser radar (lidar) wind speed measurement device. The lidar is arranged...released by the Patent Office, said: "The wind speed measurement apparatus may further comprise...
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Wind speed above and within sunflower stalks varying in height and...
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation;
September 22, 1998 ;
Nielsen, D.C. Aiken, R.M.;
787 words
......protect the soil from erosion by reducing wind speed near the soil surface, which prevents...Smika (1983) measured a 74% reduction in wind speed at the soil surface when standing wheat...standing sunflower silhouette area index on wind speed within and above standing sunflower ...
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German, French, Dutch Inventors Develop Nacelle Wind Speed Correction...
US Fed News Service, Including US State News;
May 20, 2008 ;
244 words
......Faucherre of Paris, have developed a nacelle wind speed correction method. According to the U...anemometer and for determining free stream wind speed for a wind turbine involves ascertaining...provide for determination of corrected wind speed data." The inventors were issued U.S...
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