Electrospinning (ES) uses electrostatic charge to produce ultrafine fibers from a polymer solution. It was first patented in 1934, when scientists learned how to eject a thin stream of polymer mixed with a solvent from a syringe into a charged field. As solvent evaporates, electric forces pull on the polymer elongating it into a long, random, matted pile of fibers.

To date over one hundred synthetic as well as natural polymers including synthetic silk have been produced using this methodology. They have been spun with diameters ranging from tens of nanometers to a few micrometers.

Commercial applications of electrospun nanofibers are still in their incipient stages of ...

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