Article: Integrating instant messenger into online office hours to enhance synchronous online interaction in teacher education.

INTRODUCTION

Instructors' office hours have been traditionally used in higher education to enhance student advising and learning. Traditional face-to-face office hours are usually constrained by the location of the instructor and scheduled times during which the instructor is physically available. (Wallace & Wallace, 2001). In our institution, office hours usually occur during daytime hours in accord with a conventional working schedule. However, we are an urban commuter institution, and many of our students themselves work during these hours, making it difficult for them to use such conventionally scheduled appointments. Moving office hours into the late ...

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