Article: Natural occurrence of crowing in a free-living female galliform, the California Quail.(vocalizations)(Author abstract)

California Quail (Callipepla californica) show pronounced sexual dimorphism in calling behavior: males crow, whereas females do not. The California Quail's crow is commonly called the Male Advertisement or cow call (Sumner 1935, Williams 1969). Males usually crow early in the breeding season (Williams 1969), or when their mates are incubating or die (JMG pers. obs.). Crowing males often perch in conspicuous locations and counter-call to each other. To my knowledge, there have been no previous reports of female California Quail crowing under natural conditions, although Genelly (1955) observed an instance of crowing in female California Quail that were held under captive ...

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