Article: TOASTERS HAVEN'T CHANGED MUCH SINCE 1926.(Living)

The mechanics of the pop-up toaster have changed little since Toastmaster pioneered the device in 1926.

A toaster works by applying radiant heat directly to a bread slice. When the bread's surface temperature reaches about 310, a chemical change known as the Maillard reaction begins. Sugars and starches start to caramelize - turn brown - and take on intense flavors. That's toast. With more heating, the sugars and underlying grain fibers start turning into carbon. That's burnt toast.

Consumer Reports recently tested 19 two-slice models. Prices rangedfrom $14 to $90, though most sell for $30 to $50.

The primary tests used day-old sliced white ...

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