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Cranial strains and malocclusion.(FEATURE ARTICLE)
- Article from:
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American Academy of Gnathologic Orthopedics Journal
- Article date:
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December 1, 2006
- Author:
- James, Gavin; Strokon, Dennis
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Copyright informationCOPYRIGHT 2006 American Academy of Gnathologic Orthopedics. This material is published under license from the publisher through the Gale Group, Farmington Hills, Michigan. All inquiries regarding rights should be directed to the Gale Group. (Hide copyright information)
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In our introductory article (1) we outlined a working hypothesis, the first part of which was regarding cranial movement and the significance of cranial strains in understanding malocclusion. The cranial concept comes from the osteopathic profession. (2) With this concept, they approach cranial and facial anatomy from a different perspective than our dental training provides. Osteopathic research (3,4) has shown that the way a skull is configured has a bearing on all parts of the craniofacial structures, including the position, relative placement and shape of the dental arches. This means that skull morphology has a significant influence on the position and function of the ...
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Observations of enhanced diapycnal mixing near the Hawaiian ridge
Journal of Physical Oceanography;
November 1, 2002 ;
Finnigan, T D; Luther, D S; Lukas, R;
787 words
......mixing as indicated by density inversions and internal-- wave vertical strain. Results from independent casts are used to produce ensemble-averag...enhancement of mixing near the ridge also appears in the vertical strain field. Estimates of dissipation rate and turbulent diffusivity...
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Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Small-Scale Mixing in Drake Passage
Journal of Physical Oceanography;
March 1, 2007 ;
Thompson, Andrew F; Gille, Sarah T; MacKinnon, J A; Sprintall, Janet;
787 words
......inferred from density/temperature inversions and internal wave vertical strain. Both methods reveal the same pattern of spatial variability...diffusivity estimates from inversions exceed those from vertical strain by a factor of 3 over most of Drake Passage. The Polar Front...
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Structure of the Atlantic Ocean equatorial deep jets
Journal of Physical Oceanography;
March 1, 2003 ;
Johnson, Gregory C; Zhang, Dongxiao;
787 words
......equatorial deep jets in the Atlantic Ocean are described using vertical strain, [xi]^sub z^, estimated from all available deep CTD stations...EDJs are analyzed in the Atlantic Ocean using profiles of vertical strain [xi]^sub z^ estimated from all publicly available CTD station...
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Temporal and spatial structure of the equatorial deep jets in the Pacific...
Journal of Physical Oceanography;
December 1, 2002 ;
Johnson, Gregory C; Kunze, Eric; McTaggart, Kristene E; Moore, Dennis W;
787 words
......is investigated using CTD station data taken on the equator from 1979 through 2001. The EDJs are revealed in profiles of vertical strain, xi^sub z^, estimated from the CTD data in a stretched vertical coordinate system. The majority of synoptic meridional sections...
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German Inventors Develop Tank Container Bottom Side Rail Structure
US Fed News Service, Including US State News;
November 20, 2006 ;
245 words
......beams make the bottom side rail unit extremely light, flat and at the same time deflection resistant, and prevent unwanted vertical strain from acting on the container." An abstract of the invention, released by the Patent Office, said: "The bottom side rail...
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`Lose pounds and get a flat stomach in minutes - guaranteed!' Every few...
The Independent on Sunday;
January 19, 2003 ;
Jennai Cox;
787 words
......muscles (the obliques and transversus abdominus) were not engaged at all. "The upper abs become short and tight, which puts a vertical strain on the rib cage and pulls it down," says Jon Bowskill, a corrective exercise specialist at the London Spine Clinic. "Your...
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Durability by design: the advantages of using neoprene pads on...
Public Works;
March 22, 2006 ;
Bintrim, Jim;
629 words
......girder rotations. Load support is controlled by limiting compressive stress. Neoprene is an incompressible material, and vertical strain of the pad results in lateral displacement of the elastomer. Therefore, compressive deflection of the pad is controlled...
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A mathematical evaluation of compressive behavior of steel tubular...
Construction and Building Materials;
February 1, 2000 ;
Faruqi, Mohammed A. Pleimann, Larry G. Leelani, Pat;
787 words
......compression until failure, using a hydraulic testing machine. The axial load on specimen was centered with the help of four vertical strain gages. The strain gages were bonded to the sides of cylinders and were also used to measure strains. The compressive axial...
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Cold in-place recycling pavement rutting prediction model using grey...
Construction and Building Materials;
May 1, 2007 ;
Du, Jia-Chong Cross, Stephen A.;
787 words
......also not completely successful in explaining the relationship between pavement deformation and a pavement response such as vertical strain, asphalt mix properties, and ambient conditions [4-6]. The cause of pavement deformation is complex and relates to too many...
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Oceanic Isopycnal Slope Spectra. Part II: Turbulence
Journal of Physical Oceanography;
May 1, 2007 ;
Klymak, Jody M; Moum, James N;
787 words
......ratio of internal waves is small, their influence on horizontal slope spectra does not extend to as high wavenumbers as in vertical strain spectra (Klymak and Mourn 2007, hereinafter Part I). Conversely, the signature of turbulence extends to lower wavenumbers...
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Large deformation response of polycarbonate: time-temperature, time-aging...
Polymer Engineering and Science;
September 1, 1997 ;
O'Connell, P.A. McKenna, G.B.;
787 words
......where the [[Gamma].sub.o] and [Gamma] subscripts represent the reference and current strains, respectively. Similarly, the vertical strain shifts are [b.sub.[Gamma]] = [M.sub.o,[[Gamma].sub.o]]/[M.sub.o,[Gamma]]. Time-Aging Time Superposition As an amorphous...
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Tidally Forced Internal Waves and Overturns Observed on a Slope: Results...
Journal of Physical Oceanography;
June 1, 2006 ;
Levine, Murray D; Boyd, Timothy J;
787 words
......the boundary leads to significant strain (vertical divergence). Most of the overturns occur during the few hours when the vertical strain is greatest. The buoyancy frequency N calculated from reordering these overturns is a factor of 3 lower than the background...
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