Article: Psychological consequences of athletic injury among high-level competitors.

Since 1965, investigators have studied the relationship between psychological factors and athletic injury. The earliest studies were conducted in an effort to identify the personality variables and other factors, such as life stress, that predisposed athletic competitors to injury or were related to the occurrence of injury (e.g., Andersen & Williams, 1988; Coddington & Troxell, 1980). Prediction and prevention of injury, however, have proven elusive.

Because injuries appear to be increasing in frequency (Meeuwisse & Fowler, 1988), the potential negative emotional effects of athletic injury have become an increasing concern. Investigators have assumed that athletes, ...

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